
Contents
-
-
-
-
-
-
“Gentlemen” and “Coolies” “Gentlemen” and “Coolies”
-
Holding Back the “Hoodlums” Holding Back the “Hoodlums”
-
To Prevent the “Hawaiianization” of California To Prevent the “Hawaiianization” of California
-
Yellow Is the New Black? Yellow Is the New Black?
-
Japanese Americans Respond Japanese Americans Respond
-
The Great War and Interracial Collaboration The Great War and Interracial Collaboration
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2 Between Empire and Exclusion: The Professional Class at the Helm of Anti-Japanese Politics, 1905–1915
Get access-
Published:May 2023
Cite
Abstract
Chapter 2 follows how the cordial US-Japan relations forged during the Russo-Japanese War became complicated by anti-Japanese immigration movements in California. The nativist movements were originally led by a working-class organization that demanded an extension of the existing Chinese exclusion to the Japanese. The Roosevelt administration resented this demand but eventually restricted Japanese labor migration by working with the Japanese Foreign Ministry to institute the Gentlemen’s Agreement, which saved Japan from a federal exclusion policy that unilaterally excluded the majority of Asians with the Immigration Act of 1917. Yet in California, anti-Japanese movements did not subside with the institution of the Gentlemen’s Agreement. A group of professional-class reformers successfully lobbied the state government to prevent Japanese immigrants from becoming landowners in 1913. They justified the law as an act to prevent the racial and labor conditions of Hawaiʽi and the American South from being replicated in the American West.
Sign in
Personal account
- Sign in with email/username & password
- Get email alerts
- Save searches
- Purchase content
- Activate your purchase/trial code
- Add your ORCID iD
Purchase
Our books are available by subscription or purchase to libraries and institutions.
Purchasing informationMonth: | Total Views: |
---|---|
May 2023 | 4 |
June 2023 | 3 |
July 2023 | 6 |
August 2023 | 9 |
September 2023 | 113 |
October 2023 | 34 |
November 2023 | 7 |
December 2023 | 13 |
January 2024 | 2 |
February 2024 | 22 |
March 2024 | 6 |
April 2024 | 14 |
May 2024 | 15 |
June 2024 | 4 |
July 2024 | 5 |
August 2024 | 18 |
September 2024 | 13 |
October 2024 | 25 |
November 2024 | 4 |
December 2024 | 4 |
January 2025 | 18 |
February 2025 | 8 |
March 2025 | 7 |
April 2025 | 5 |
May 2025 | 2 |
Get help with access
Institutional access
Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways:
IP based access
Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account.
Sign in through your institution
Choose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Shibboleth/Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institution’s website and Oxford Academic.
If your institution is not listed or you cannot sign in to your institution’s website, please contact your librarian or administrator.
Sign in with a library card
Enter your library card number to sign in. If you cannot sign in, please contact your librarian.
Society Members
Society member access to a journal is achieved in one of the following ways:
Sign in through society site
Many societies offer single sign-on between the society website and Oxford Academic. If you see ‘Sign in through society site’ in the sign in pane within a journal:
If you do not have a society account or have forgotten your username or password, please contact your society.
Sign in using a personal account
Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. See below.
Personal account
A personal account can be used to get email alerts, save searches, purchase content, and activate subscriptions.
Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members.
Viewing your signed in accounts
Click the account icon in the top right to:
Signed in but can't access content
Oxford Academic is home to a wide variety of products. The institutional subscription may not cover the content that you are trying to access. If you believe you should have access to that content, please contact your librarian.
Institutional account management
For librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. Here you will find options to view and activate subscriptions, manage institutional settings and access options, access usage statistics, and more.