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Location and History Location and History
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Biblical Significance Biblical Significance
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Site Visit Site Visit
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Hattusa Hattusa
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Yazïlïkaya Yazïlïkaya
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The Hittites: Hattusa and Yazïlïkaya
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Published:November 2003
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Abstract
In many ways the ancient Hittite sites of Hattusa and Yazïlïkaya are among the most distinctive sites related to the Bible in the entire Mediterranean region. Unlike the majority of ancient cities of the Bible in both Turkey and Greece, these sites are not related to the Apostle Paul and the New Testament. In fact, they are only marginally related to the Old Testament. Nevertheless, the identification of this city in 1906 by the German archaeologist Hugo Winckler created a sensation in archaeological and biblical studies. Since 1986 the site of Hattusa has been included on the World Heritage List of UNESCO (the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization). Prior to the 19th century, the Hittites were entirely unknown to the world except for their mention in the Bible. The biblical references to such a powerful kingdom, for which no other evidence existed, were met by skepticism and even outright disbelief. Scholars did not believe that so dominant an empire could disappear without a trace. Following the discovery in 1799 of the Rosetta Stone in Egypt by Napoleon’s soldiers, however, which unlocked the key to reading hieroglyphics, reference to the Hittites was also discovered in Egyptian sources. Most notable among these citations are references to a great battle between the Egyptians, led by Ramses II (likely the pharaoh of the Exodus tradition), and the Hittites at Kadesh (Syria). Also mentioned was a subsequent treaty, a nonaggression pact, wherein both nations pledged mutual support and agreed to establish Syria as the southern boundary of the Hittites’ power and the northern boundary of the Egyptians’ power. Modern discovery of the Hittites began in 1834, when Charles Texier located the ruins of the capital city of the Hittites, Hattusa, which he believed to be a city of the Medes. Correct identification of the city was not made until 1906, when the discovery of 2,500 fragments of cuneiform tablets allowed Hugo Winckler to recognize that the extensive ruins were in fact the Hittite capital city. Since that time excavations by the German Archaeological Institute and others have continued.
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