Oral manifestations of systemic disease

Robinson, Max; Hunter, Keith; Pemberton, Michael; Sloan, Philip

doi:10.1093/oso/9780199697786.003.0015

Soames' & Southam's Oral Pathology (FIFTH EDITION)

Max Robinson et al.

https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199697786.001.0001

Published online:

12 November 2020

Published in print:

31 July 2018

Online ISBN:

9780191918483

Print ISBN:

9780199697786

- Title Pages
  - Notes
  - Notes
- Dedication
  - Notes
  - Notes
- Preface to the fifth edition
  - Notes
  - Notes
- Acknowledgements
  - Notes
  - Notes
- Abbreviations
  - Notes
  - Notes
1 Diagnosis of oral disease
- Notes
- Notes
2 Diseases of the oral mucosa
- Notes
- Notes
3 Oral cancer
- Notes
- Notes
4 Salivary gland diseases
- Notes
- Notes
5 Diseases of the teeth and supporting structures
- Notes
- Notes
6 Jaw cysts and odontogenic tumours
- Notes
- Notes
7 Disorders of bone
- Notes
- Notes
8 Skin diseases affecting the oro-facial region
- Notes
- Notes
9 Neck lumps
- Notes
- Notes
- Introduction Introduction
- Gastrointestinal disease Gastrointestinal disease
  - Coeliac disease Coeliac disease
  - Crohn’s disease Crohn’s disease
  - Oro-facial granulomatosis Oro-facial granulomatosis
  - Ulcerative colitis Ulcerative colitis
- Nutritional deficiency Nutritional deficiency
- Liver disease Liver disease
  - Jaundice Jaundice
  - Liver dysfunction Liver dysfunction
- Genitourinary disease Genitourinary disease
  - Reiter’s syndrome Reiter’s syndrome
  - Genitourinary infections Genitourinary infections
- Cardiorespiratory disease Cardiorespiratory disease
  - Sarcoidosis Sarcoidosis
  - Infections Infections
- Renal disease Renal disease
  - Renal failure Renal failure
  - Renal transplantation Renal transplantation
- Haematological disease Haematological disease
  - Anaemia Anaemia
  - Leucopenia Leucopenia
  - Bleeding diathesis Bleeding diathesis
  - Amyloidosis Amyloidosis
- Immunodeficiency Immunodeficiency
  - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and AIDS Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and AIDS
    - Oral manifestations of HIV infection Oral manifestations of HIV infection
      - Oral candidosis Oral candidosis
      - HIV-associated periodontal diseases HIV-associated periodontal diseases
      - Viral infections Viral infections
      - Hairy leukoplakia Hairy leukoplakia
      - Kaposi sarcoma Kaposi sarcoma
      - Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
      - Neurological disturbances Neurological disturbances
      - Atypical ulceration Atypical ulceration
      - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
      - HIV-associated salivary gland disease HIV-associated salivary gland disease
      - Oral pigmentation Oral pigmentation
  - Primary immunodeficiency Primary immunodeficiency
  - Immunodeficiency associated with organ transplantation Immunodeficiency associated with organ transplantation
- Endocrine disease Endocrine disease
  - Acromegaly Acromegaly
  - Adrenocortical diseases Adrenocortical diseases
    - Addison’s disease Addison’s disease
    - Cushing’s disease Cushing’s disease
  - Thyroid disease Thyroid disease
    - Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism
    - Hyperthyroidism Hyperthyroidism
  - Diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus
  - Parathyroid disease Parathyroid disease
    - Hypoparathyroidism Hypoparathyroidism
    - Hyperparathyroidism Hyperparathyroidism
  - Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome
- Connective tissue disease Connective tissue disease
  - Lupus erythematosus Lupus erythematosus
  - Systemic sclerosis Systemic sclerosis
  - Mixed connective tissue disease Mixed connective tissue disease
  - Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis
- Vascular disease Vascular disease
  - Granulomatosis with polyangitis Granulomatosis with polyangitis
  - Giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica Giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica
  - Polyarteritis nodosum Polyarteritis nodosum
  - Vascular malformations Vascular malformations
- Neurological disease Neurological disease
- Drug-related and iatrogenic oral disease Drug-related and iatrogenic oral disease
  - Xerostomia Xerostomia
  - Taste disturbance Taste disturbance
  - Mucosal ulceration Mucosal ulceration
  - Mucosal white patches Mucosal white patches
  - Mucosal pigmentation Mucosal pigmentation
  - Drug-induced gingival overgrowth Drug-induced gingival overgrowth
  - Facial angioedema Facial angioedema
  - Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw
- Notes
- Notes
- Additional resources
  - Notes
  - Notes
- 229Index
  - Notes
  - Notes

Chapter

10 Oral manifestations of systemic disease

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https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199697786.003.0015

Pages

209–226

Published:

July 2018

Abstract

This chapter emphasizes the importance of oral disease in the context of systemic disease. Oral disease may be the first sign of an underlying systemic disorder, which should trigger further investigations or referral to a medical or specialist practitioner, expediting early diagnosis and appropriate clinical care. In those patients with known illnesses, dental healthcare professionals should have an appreciation of the effects of these diseases on the oro- facial complex; patients can then benefit from the supportive care of the dental team. Coeliac disease (gluten-induced enteropathy) is a genetically determined inflammatory small bowel disease that is induced by gluten in the diet. Gluten is present in wheat, rye, and barley. The inflammatory reaction results in malabsorption due to morphological abnormalities in the small intestinal mucosa. It was once thought of as a rare disease of childhood, but now it is understood to be a common disease that can be diagnosed at any age. Studies undertaken since the advent of serological screening indicate a prevalence of 0.5–1% in the population, with adult presentations now more frequent than childhood ones. This new appreciation has led to the concept of the ‘coeliac iceberg’. At the tip of the iceberg are those with overt disease, with the lower groups classified in order as: silent coeliac disease, latent coeliac disease, and healthy individuals with genetic susceptibility. Severe presentations in childhood classically were of diarrhoea, failure to thrive, and weakness. However, it is now understood that patients with coeliac disease may have minimal gastrointestinal symptoms of malabsorption at presentation and experience other rather non-specific symptoms of the disease. The increasing recognition of the disease is attributed to several factors, including new serological assays, advances in flexible endoscopy allowing clinicians to take duodenal biopsies more easily, and an increased index of suspicion in looking for the disease. The disease is associated with an increased rate of osteoporosis, infertility, autoimmune diseases, and malignancy, especially lymphoma. Treatment should involve a gluten-free diet, which is a major undertaking and for which dietetic advice is essential.

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Contents

10 Oral manifestations of systemic disease

Abstract

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10 Oral manifestations of systemic disease

Abstract

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