
Contents
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I. Introduction I. Introduction
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II. Land Reforms in the Little Entente States II. Land Reforms in the Little Entente States
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A. Radical Land Reforms: A Social and Political Agenda A. Radical Land Reforms: A Social and Political Agenda
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B. Discriminatory Land Expropriations and the Hungarian Optants B. Discriminatory Land Expropriations and the Hungarian Optants
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C. Biased Redistribution of Expropriated Land C. Biased Redistribution of Expropriated Land
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D. Hungarian Optants as Victims of Land Reforms D. Hungarian Optants as Victims of Land Reforms
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III. Involvement of the League of Nations III. Involvement of the League of Nations
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A. Appeal to Multilateral Fora outside the League A. Appeal to Multilateral Fora outside the League
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B. Minorities Petitions B. Minorities Petitions
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C. Appeal to the League Council by the Hungarian Government C. Appeal to the League Council by the Hungarian Government
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D. Mediation by a Rapporteur D. Mediation by a Rapporteur
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E. Appeal to the Mixed Arbitral Tribunals by the Optants E. Appeal to the Mixed Arbitral Tribunals by the Optants
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F. Mediation by the Committee of Three F. Mediation by the Committee of Three
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G. Diplomatic Settlement of the Eastern Reparations G. Diplomatic Settlement of the Eastern Reparations
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IV. Conclusions IV. Conclusions
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12 The League of Nations and the Optants’ Dispute in the Hungarian Borderlands: Romania, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia
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Published:December 2020
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Abstract
With the fall of the dualist Monarchy, the so-called Hungarian optants in the annexed territories chose the Hungarian nationality instead of the nationality of the three Little Entente states and transferred their place of residence to Hungary. As most of their land was expropriated without due compensation, they started to contest the land reforms before a series of national and international fora. The regional dispute initiated by the Hungarian optants against the Little Entente governments became part of a global controversy between the protection of private property (individual interests) and the sovereign states’ agrarian policies (community interests). The League of Nations provided a framework to debate about the conflict both at the level of international law and politics. This chapter claims that to face the delicate choice between socio-economic community interests and individuals’ property interests, all procedures of the League had to maintain a careful balance between the two.
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