
Contents
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1. Problems Relating to the Archaeological Material 1. Problems Relating to the Archaeological Material
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2. A Historical Survey of the Excavations 2. A Historical Survey of the Excavations
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3. The Topography 3. The Topography
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a. The Temenos of Apollo a. The Temenos of Apollo
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b. The Temenos of the Dioskouroi b. The Temenos of the Dioskouroi
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101c. The Temenos of Hera 101c. The Temenos of Hera
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102d. The Temenos of Aphrodite 102d. The Temenos of Aphrodite
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e. The Temenos of Zeus e. The Temenos of Zeus
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105f. The Hellenion 105f. The Hellenion
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g. The Great Temenos g. The Great Temenos
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h. The faience workshop h. The faience workshop
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i. Naukratis’ situation on the Canobic branch of the Nile i. Naukratis’ situation on the Canobic branch of the Nile
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k. The overall layout of the empórion k. The overall layout of the empórion
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4. Finds From Naukratis 4. Finds From Naukratis
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a. Pottery a. Pottery
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Corinthian pottery Corinthian pottery
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Athenian pottery Athenian pottery
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Laconian pottery Laconian pottery
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Wild Goat style Wild Goat style
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Fikellura style Fikellura style
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Chian pottery Chian pottery
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EXCURSUS: The production of Chian pottery at Naukratis EXCURSUS: The production of Chian pottery at Naukratis
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Clazomenian pottery Clazomenian pottery
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Bird bowls, rosette bowls, and eye-bowls Bird bowls, rosette bowls, and eye-bowls
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Vroulian bowls Vroulian bowls
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Ionian bowls and Little Master cups Ionian bowls and Little Master cups
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Bucchero pottery Bucchero pottery
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Hera cups Hera cups
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EXCURSUS: Situlae EXCURSUS: Situlae
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Figure vases Figure vases
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148b. Terracottas 148b. Terracottas
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c. Faience figures c. Faience figures
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d. Scarabs d. Scarabs
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e. Statuettes e. Statuettes
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EXCURSUS: Cypriots at Naukratis? EXCURSUS: Cypriots at Naukratis?
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f. Miscellanea f. Miscellanea
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Alabastra Alabastra
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Tridacna shells Tridacna shells
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g. Inscriptions g. Inscriptions
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89V The Archaeological Material from Naukratis
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Published:December 2000
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Abstract
The discovery of Naukratis by Sir William Flinders Petrie more than a hundred years ago resulted in a veritable flood of historical and archaeological research, one which shows no signs of abating. The reason for so much attention lies not only in the discovery of countless Archaic pottery fragments of previously unknown styles but also in the fact that many fragments bear inscriptions in Archaic alphabets. It is not surprising, therefore, that the continuing interest in Naukratis has come primarily from archaeologists, attempting, for example, to explain Egyptian influences upon Greek art by means of Greek contact with Egyptians in Naukratis. However, there have also been numerous attempts within the field of ancient history to evaluate the phenomenon of Naukratis. While this chapter will be devoted to the archaeological material, taking stock of what has been found in the light of the results produced by recent research, the following chapter will present a historical interpretation of this material and the literary sources, based on Karl Polanyi’s ideal-type ‘port of trade’ as discussed above. Naukratis lies 83 km. south-east of Alexandria, in the western part of the Nile delta. There is no direct road between Naukratis and the Cairo–Alexandria motorway, rendering access to the ancient site exceedingly difficult; indeed, it becomes almost impossible in winter, when heavy downpours of rain turn the untarred roads into mud tracks. Nor does Naukratis nowadays offer any architectural attractions to the tourist; furthermore, the old area of excavation, covering about 950?580 m., is largely covered today by a lake. Finally, even the first excavations of 1884–1903 unearthed very little of the temples mentioned in Herodotus 2. 178. It was impossible for me to carry out an autopsy of all the discoveries and finds that have been made, and so I will refer to the available site reports and publications concerning the material from Naukratis. Unfortunately, the former are incomplete in the extreme: they appeared immediately after the campaigns, with no insistence upon comprehensiveness. Many finds were sorted out and destroyed at the excavation site itself; quite a few were distributed to museums, institutions, and private individuals all over the world—in part in return for subscriptions to the Egyptian Exploration Fund—before they could be published. Some of these finds have meanwhile been published in the catalogues of the various museums.
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