
Contents
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7.1 Introduction 7.1 Introduction
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7.2 Discrimination on Grounds of Nationality 7.2 Discrimination on Grounds of Nationality
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7.3 Gender Discrimination 7.3 Gender Discrimination
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A. Equal pay, employment, and social security A. Equal pay, employment, and social security
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B. Horizontal provisions and examples of sex discrimination B. Horizontal provisions and examples of sex discrimination
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C. Sexual orientation C. Sexual orientation
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7.4 Racial Discrimination 7.4 Racial Discrimination
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7.5 Religious Discrimination 7.5 Religious Discrimination
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7.6 Age Discrimination 7.6 Age Discrimination
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7.7 Discrimination on Grounds of Disability 7.7 Discrimination on Grounds of Disability
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7 Equality and Non-discrimination Law in the EU
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Published:March 2021
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Abstract
This chapter addresses equality and non-discrimination, which are explicitly acknowledged as foundational values in the EU context in Article 2 TEU. Similarly, the right to non-discrimination enjoys wide recognition in international human rights law. In the EU, non-discrimination had a specific role to play from the outset of European integration. Despite being founded without explicit reference to human rights, the original Treaty of Rome nonetheless prohibited discrimination on the basis of nationality (now Article 18 TFEU), as well as discrimination regarding pay between men and women (now Article 157 TFEU). Today, the scope of non-discrimination was enlarged, paving the way for Directives on racial equality and non-discrimination in the field of employment on the grounds of religion, disability, age, and sexual orientation. Moreover, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) identified the principle of equality as a general principle of EU law.
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