Contingency in International Law: On the Possibility of Different Legal Histories
Contingency in International Law: On the Possibility of Different Legal Histories
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Abstract
This volume asks a question that is deceptive in its simplicity: Could international law have been otherwise? In other words, what were the past possibilities, if any, for a different law? The search for contingency in international law is often motivated, including in the present volume, by the refusal to accept the present state of affairs and by the hope that recovering possibilities of the past will facilitate a different future. The volume situates the search for contingency theoretically and within many fields of international law, such as human rights and armed conflict, migrants and refugees, the sea and natural resources, and foreign investment and trade. Today there is hardly a serious account that would consider the path of international law to be necessary and that would deny the possibility of a different law altogether. At the same time, however, behind every possibility of the past stands a reason – or reasons – why the law developed as it did. Those who embark in search of contingency soon encounter tensions when they want to recover past possibilities without downplaying patterns of determination and domination. Nevertheless, while warring critical sensibilities may point in different directions, only a keen sense of why things turned out the way they did makes it possible to argue about how they could plausibly have turned out differently.
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Front Matter
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I Introduction
Ingo Venzke andKevin Jon Heller -
II Theorising & Narrating Contingency
Ingo Venzke andKevin Jon Heller-
A. Enacted Structures & Structured Actors
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2
On Dead Circuits and Non-events
Fleur Johns
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3
Contingency in International Legal History: Why Now?
Genevieve Renard Painter
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4
The Necessity of Contingency: Method and Marxism in International Law
Umut Özsu
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5
The Realist and the Visionary: Property, Sovereignty, and the Problem of Social Change
Justin Desautels-Stein
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6
An Enlarged Sense of Possibility for International Law: Seeking Change by Doing History
Janne E Nijman
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2
On Dead Circuits and Non-events
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B. Situated Perspectives & Possibilities
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7
Contingencies in International Legal Histories: Origins and Observers
Filipe dos Reis
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8
Historical Base and Legal Superstructure: Reading Contingency and Necessity in the Tadić Challenge
Michele Tedeschini
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9
Subverting Eurocentric Epistemology: The Value of Nonsense When Designing Counterfactuals
Mohsen al Attar
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10
The Time of Contingency in International Law
Geoff Gordon
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7
Contingencies in International Legal Histories: Origins and Observers
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III Locating & Resisting Contingency
Ingo Venzke andKevin Jon Heller-
A. Migrants & Refugees
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B. Sea & Resources
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13
What If the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea had Entered into Force Unamended: Business as Usual or Dystopia?
Alex Oude Elferink
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14
What If Arvid Pardo Had Not Made his Famous Speech? (False) Contingency in the Making of the Law of the Sea
Surabhi Ranganathan
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15
Contingent Economic Legal Ordering: Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources and International Commodity Agreements
Lucas Lixinski andMats Ingulstad
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13
What If the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea had Entered into Force Unamended: Business as Usual or Dystopia?
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C. Human Rights
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16
Rights for Daydreaming: International Human Rights Law Thought Otherwise
Kathryn McNeilly
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17
Who Turned Multinational Corporations into Bearers of Human Rights? On the Creation of Corporate ‘Human’ Rights in International Law
Silvia Steininger andJochen von Bernstorff
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18
Contesting Austerity in the 1970s and 1980s: When Human Rights Went Missing
Matthias Goldmann
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16
Rights for Daydreaming: International Human Rights Law Thought Otherwise
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D. Armed Conflict
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19
Contingencies of Context: Legacies of the Algerian Revolution in the 1977 Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions
Emma Stone Mackinnon
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20
Unveiling Common Article 3 to the Geneva Conventions: Contingency, Necessity, and Possibility in International Humanitarian Law
Bianca Maganza
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21
Narrative Contingency and International Humanitarian Law: Crimes against Humanity in Cixin Liu’s Post-Humanist Universe
Amanda Alexander
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22
Why Did Starvation Not Become the Paradigmatic War Crime in International Law?
Nicholas Mulder andBoyd van Dijk
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19
Contingencies of Context: Legacies of the Algerian Revolution in the 1977 Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions
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E. Foreign Investments
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23
The Law of State Responsibility and the Persistence of Investment Protection
Kathryn Greenman
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24
Barcelona Traction Re-Imagined: The ICJ as a World Court for Foreign Investment Cases?
Saïda El Boudouhi
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25
From a Fortuitous Transplant to a Fundamental Principle of Law? The Doctrine of Legitimate Expectations and the Possibilities of a Different Law
Josef Ostřanský
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23
The Law of State Responsibility and the Persistence of Investment Protection
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F. The New International Economic Order
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G. Eruptions
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IV Outlook
Ingo Venzke andKevin Jon Heller -
End Matter
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April 2025 | 5 |
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Get help with access
Institutional access
Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways:
IP based access
Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account.
Sign in through your institution
Choose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Shibboleth/Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institution’s website and Oxford Academic.
If your institution is not listed or you cannot sign in to your institution’s website, please contact your librarian or administrator.
Sign in with a library card
Enter your library card number to sign in. If you cannot sign in, please contact your librarian.
Society Members
Society member access to a journal is achieved in one of the following ways:
Sign in through society site
Many societies offer single sign-on between the society website and Oxford Academic. If you see ‘Sign in through society site’ in the sign in pane within a journal:
If you do not have a society account or have forgotten your username or password, please contact your society.
Sign in using a personal account
Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. See below.
Personal account
A personal account can be used to get email alerts, save searches, purchase content, and activate subscriptions.
Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members.
Viewing your signed in accounts
Click the account icon in the top right to:
Signed in but can't access content
Oxford Academic is home to a wide variety of products. The institutional subscription may not cover the content that you are trying to access. If you believe you should have access to that content, please contact your librarian.
Institutional account management
For librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. Here you will find options to view and activate subscriptions, manage institutional settings and access options, access usage statistics, and more.