
Contents
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Physics in the early nineteenth century Physics in the early nineteenth century
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Faraday and Maxwell Faraday and Maxwell
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Lorentz’s dissertation Lorentz’s dissertation
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Lorentz’s research program Lorentz’s research program
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The Zeeman effect and the electron The Zeeman effect and the electron
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The role of the ether The role of the ether
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Michelson and Morley Michelson and Morley
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The theory of electrons The theory of electrons
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The anomalous Zeeman effect The anomalous Zeeman effect
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The electromagnetic world view The electromagnetic world view
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The special theory of relativity The special theory of relativity
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Electron theory or relativity theory? Electron theory or relativity theory?
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Conclusion Conclusion
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4 Early work and the Theory of Electrons
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Published:February 2021
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Abstract
Chapter 4 contains an overview of Lorentz’s early work in terms accessible to a general audience. It sheds light on his unique place in science and the importance of his ideas, especially in the field of electromagnetic theory (his theory of electrons). A description of physics in the early nineteenth century, highlighting the role of Faraday and Maxwell, is followed by a discussion of Lorentz’s dissertation and his research program, the explanation of the Zeeman effect and the introduction of the electron, as well as the role of the ether. In this context the famous experiment by Michelson and Morley is also discussed, as well as the electromagnetic world view, Einstein’s special theory of relativity, and the question of which theory was to be preferred: Lorentz’s electron theory or Einstein’s special relativity theory?
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