Beyond Presidentialism and Parliamentarism: Democratic Design and the Separation of Powers
Beyond Presidentialism and Parliamentarism: Democratic Design and the Separation of Powers
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Abstract
In a democracy, a constitutional separation of powers between the executive and the assembly may be desirable, but the constitutional concentration of executive power in a single human being is not. The book defends this thesis and explores ‘semi-parliamentary government’ as an alternative to presidential government. Semi-parliamentarism avoids power concentration in one person by shifting the separation of powers into the democratic assembly. The executive becomes fused with only one part of the assembly, even though the other part has at least equal democratic legitimacy and robust veto power on ordinary legislation. The book identifies the Australian Commonwealth and Japan, as well as the Australian states of New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, and Western Australia, as semi-parliamentary systems. Using data from 23 countries and 6 Australian states, it maps how parliamentary and semi-parliamentary systems balance competing visions of democracy; it analyzes patterns of electoral and party systems, cabinet formation, legislative coalition-building, and constitutional reforms; it systematically compares the semi-parliamentary and presidential separation of powers; and it develops new and innovative semi-parliamentary designs, some of which do not require two separate chambers.
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Front Matter
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1
The road not taken
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2
Separation of powers ≠ presidentialism
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3
Why we need the concept of semi-parliamentary government
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4
Are some forms of government more democratic than others?
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5
Visions of democracy and the limits of parliamentarism
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6
How semi-parliamentarism can balance visions of democracy
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7
Design matters: second chambers, cabinet formation, and constitutional reform
Steffen Ganghof andSebastian Eppner
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Designing semi-parliamentary democracy
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9
Against presidentialism
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End Matter
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