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Aristotle—Deliberation as Planning Aristotle—Deliberation as Planning
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The Stoics: Moral Problems The Stoics: Moral Problems
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11 Two Kinds of Deliberation: Aristotle and the Stoics
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Published:January 2022
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Abstract
Both Aristotle and the Stoics developed accounts of deliberation; but while Aristotle focused almost exclusively on finding the best way to reach a given goal, the Stoics were above all interested in deliberation about right and wrong. The first part of this chapter discusses the various meanings of the word προαίρεσις and argues that the result of deliberation is often a plan for action. By distinguishing between theoretical and practical reasoning, Aristotle also showed that there are two different intellectual virtues. The Stoics did not take over this distinction, including practical wisdom in wisdom in general, and describing it as concerned with what ought or ought not to be done. Stoic deliberation aims at determining what it is appropriate to do (or not to do) according to both human and universal nature, but since the success of an action does not affect its moral character, they did not find effective means–ends reasoning necessary for virtue.
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