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Introduction Introduction
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Clinical features Clinical features
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Sleep quality, quantity, and cognition Sleep quality, quantity, and cognition
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Practical clinical considerations Practical clinical considerations
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Sleep in older age Sleep in older age
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Peri- and postmenopausal changes Peri- and postmenopausal changes
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Sleep disorders and cognition Sleep disorders and cognition
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Sleep and dementia Sleep and dementia
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Alzheimer’s disease Alzheimer’s disease
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Other neurodegenerative disorders Other neurodegenerative disorders
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Parkinson’s disease Parkinson’s disease
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Dementia with Lewy bodies Dementia with Lewy bodies
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Vascular dementia Vascular dementia
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Frontotemporal dementia Frontotemporal dementia
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Progressive supranuclear palsy Progressive supranuclear palsy
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Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
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Potential therapeutic options Potential therapeutic options
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Further reading Further reading
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Cite
Abstract
Neuro-disability is an umbrella term for conditions associated with impairment involving the nervous system and includes conditions such as autism, cerebral palsy, and epilepsy; it is not uncommon for such conditions to co-occur. Rates of neuro-disability are estimated as 8.8% of boys and 5.8% of girls. Many of these children and young people have difficulties in many areas of daily living and reports have highlighted the inequalities and poor standards of care experienced by such individuals with learning disabilities in the UK. Paediatric sleep disorders are easily missed; instead of simply being sleepy during the day, children who have slept poorly are more likely to present as irritable and hyperactive, with poorer memory and impaired learning. Such difficulties in recognition are further compounded in children with neuro-disability who may have limited communication skills, yet sleep difficulties disproportionately affect this group of children. Sleep problems in these vulnerable populations begin at a young age, tend to persist, and are detrimental to the physical and mental health of the children and their caregivers. This chapter is centred on the management of what is usually classed broadly as insomnia in association with neuro-disability. This includes problems with sleep associations, sleep onset and sleep maintenance with associated daytime impairments. General issues relevant for this population are summarised, with focus on some specific neuro-disabilities, their particular associated sleep problems and their management.
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