
Contents
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Did Diplomacy Matter? Did Diplomacy Matter?
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Understanding the Nixon Administration’s Diplomacy to China Understanding the Nixon Administration’s Diplomacy to China
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Getting Started Getting Started
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Mao’s “Four Marshals” Mao’s “Four Marshals”
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Ping-Pong Diplomacy Ping-Pong Diplomacy
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The Kissinger Visit The Kissinger Visit
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Kissinger and Nixon Go to China Kissinger and Nixon Go to China
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Diplomatic Lessons Diplomatic Lessons
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Notes Notes
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5 From Isolation to Engagement: American Diplomacy and the Opening to China, 1969–1972
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Published:August 2015
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Abstract
After more than two decades of estrangement, the opening of relations between the United States and China was one of the great diplomatic achievements of the late Cold War. American leaders pursued this opening with determination and foresight. They sent repeated signals of their seriousness, they worked through numerous partners, and they exhibited remarkable patience when their initial overtures received little response. Chinese leaders were cautious, but willing to assess evidence of changing American attitudes. Both sides emphasized points of possible agreement, and put off long-standing areas of disagreement. Secrecy facilitated early communications. President Nixon and National Security Assistant Henry Kissinger took serious political risks, especially when they traveled to Beijing, showing deference to Chinese traditions. Chairman Mao and Foreign Minister Zhou Enlai showed adaptability, abandoning their ideological criticisms of the United States for diplomatic and strategic purposes. Energetic and focused diplomacy on both sides made the U.S. opening to China possible.
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