Integrating Evolutionary Biology into Medical Education: for maternal and child healthcare students, clinicians, and scientists
Integrating Evolutionary Biology into Medical Education: for maternal and child healthcare students, clinicians, and scientists
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Abstract
Clinicians and scientists are increasingly recognising the importance of an evolutionary perspective in studying the aetiology, prevention, and treatment of human disease; the growing prominence of genetics in medicine is further adding to the interest in evolutionary medicine. In spite of this, too few medical students or residents study evolution. This book builds a compelling case for integrating evolutionary biology into undergraduate and postgraduate medical education, as well as its intrinsic value to medicine. Chapter by chapter, the authors – experts in anthropology, biology, ecology, physiology, public health, and various disciplines of medicine – present the rationale for clinically-relevant evolutionary thinking. They achieve this within the broader context of medicine but through the focused lens of maternal and child health, with an emphasis on female reproduction and the early-life biochemical, immunological, and microbial responses influenced by evolution. The tightly woven and accessible narrative illustrates how a medical education that considers evolved traits can deepen our understanding of the complexities of the human body, variability in health, susceptibility to disease, and ultimately help guide treatment, prevention, and public health policy. However, integrating evolutionary biology into medical education continues to face several roadblocks. The medical curriculum is already replete with complex subjects and a long period of training. The addition of an evolutionary perspective to this curriculum would certainly seem daunting, and many medical educators express concern over potential controversy if evolution is introduced into the curriculum of their schools. Medical education urgently needs strategies and teaching aids to lower the barriers to incorporating evolution into medical training. In summary, this call to arms makes a strong case for incorporating evolutionary thinking early in medical training to help guide the types of critical questions physicians ask, or should be asking. It will be of relevance and use to evolutionary biologists, physicians, medical students, and biomedical research scientists.
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Front Matter
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Introduction
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Section I Life History: Biological and Cultural Continuity
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1
Evolutionary Medicine, Pregnancy, and the Mismatch Pathways to Increased Disease Risk
Peter D. Gluckman and others
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2
Evolutionary Public Health: How Interventions may Benefit from Insights Generated by Life History Theory
Jonathan C. K. Wells
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3
Evolutionary Medicine and Women’s Reproductive Health
Wenda R. Trevathan andKaren R. Rosenberg
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4
Optimizing Maternal-Infant Health: Ameliorating the Mismatch between Evolved Dyadic Needs and the Current Culture of Health around the 4th Trimester
Alison M. Stuebe andKristin P. Tully
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1
Evolutionary Medicine, Pregnancy, and the Mismatch Pathways to Increased Disease Risk
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Section II Biological Regulation
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5
Can Evolution Inform Insights into Normal and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Ultimately Improve Maternal and Fetal Care?
Heide Aungst and others
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6
An Evolutionary View of Homeostasis: Bioenergetics, Life History Theory, and Responses to Pregnancy
Robert Perlman
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7
The Functions of MicroRNA in Female Reproduction
Michael L. Power and others
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8
Evolutionary Medicine Viewed Through the Lens of Pregnancy and the Obesity Epidemic
Chloe Zera andLouise Wilkins-Haug
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5
Can Evolution Inform Insights into Normal and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Ultimately Improve Maternal and Fetal Care?
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Section III Perspectives: Past, Present, and Future
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9
Darwin’s Impact on the Medical Sciences
Fabio Zampieri
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10
Tinbergean Approach to Clinical Medicine
B. Natterson-Horowitz
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11
The Role of the Immune System from an Evolutionary Perspective
Carsten Schradin andRainer H. Straub
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12
Evolution, Genomics, and the New Genetic Technologies
Louise Wilkins Haug
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13
Ecological Rationality and Evolutionary Medicine: A Bridge to Medical Education
Shabnam Mousavi andJay Schulkin
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9
Darwin’s Impact on the Medical Sciences
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End Matter
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