Bernstein Meets Broadway: Collaborative Art in a Time of War
Bernstein Meets Broadway: Collaborative Art in a Time of War
William Powell Mason Professor of Music
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Abstract
This book constructs a wide-ranging cultural history to explore the earliest stage works of Leonard Bernstein, written during World War II: the Broadway musical On the Town, the ballet Fancy Free, and a nightclub comedy act called The Revuers. Bernstein and his collaborators—including the choreographer Jerome Robbins and the writing team of Betty Comden and Adolph Green—crossed artistic, political, ethnic, and racial boundaries with abandon. With the zeal of youth, these emerging artists infused their work with progressive political ideals. On the Town focused on sailors enjoying a day of shore leave, and its first production featured a mixed-race cast, contributing an important chapter to the racial desegregation of American performance. It projected an equitable inter-racial urban vision in an era when racial segregation was being enforced contentiously in the U.S. military. The show starred the dancer Sono Osato, even as her father was interned together with so many Japanese Americans. Fancy Free amiably encoded its own dissenting narratives. Based on a controversial painting by Paul Cadmus, it grew out of a complex web of gay relationships. The book explores cross fertilizations across art forms and high-low divides, drawing on intensive archival research, FBI files, interviews with surviving cast members, and previously untapped criticism in African American newspapers.
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Front Matter
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Introduction
Carol J. Oja
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Ballet and Nightclubs
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Broadway and Racial Politics
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3
Creating a Broadway Musical: The Conception and Debut of On the Town
Carol J. Oja
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4
A Japanese American Star During World War II: Sono Osato and “Exotic Ivy Smith”
Carol J. Oja
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5
Desegregating Broadway: On the Town and Race
Carol J. Oja
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6
Biographies Onstage On the Town’s Black Conductor,Dancers, and Singers
Carol J. Oja
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3
Creating a Broadway Musical: The Conception and Debut of On the Town
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Musical Style
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End Matter
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