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Introduction: The Voice of Jacob
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Published:October 2019
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The voice is the voice of Jacob, yet the hands are the hands of Esau.
Genesis 27:22
Jewish literature of the Hellenistic and Roman periods has attracted different groups of scholars for different reasons. In modern times, it was Western Christian scholars—or Western scholars interested in the beginnings of Christianity—who first took up the challenge. They were fascinated by the opportunity to reconstruct the context and background of the New Testament world and benefited from the accessibility of manuscript sources preserved in Greek, Latin, and the vernacular languages of the West. Eastern Christian scholars, in turn, often belonged to emergent national schools and were thrilled that their heritages, typically unknown to Western scholars, could also contribute to the study of an ancient and universal legacy.
It took some time, however, before Jewish scholars overcame their sense of alienation from the overtly non-Jewish modes of transmission of Second Temple sources and joined the venture. Their motives were diverse: some welcomed a Jewish alternative to Rabbinic tradition; others discerned instructive similarities in the conditions of the Jewish people in the Greco-Roman and modern periods; still others rediscovered for themselves important pages in the history of the Jewish people in its own land. This last interest, combined with the achievements of archaeology, opened new opportunities to juxtapose physical and textual evidence.
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