
Contents
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HIERARCHIES OF SELF-REGULATION HIERARCHIES OF SELF-REGULATION
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GOALS AND CONTROL GOALS AND CONTROL
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Managing Conflicts between Multiple Goals Managing Conflicts between Multiple Goals
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Regulatory Reference and Control Regulatory Reference and Control
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Self-Concordance and Control Self-Concordance and Control
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Regulatory Focus and Control Regulatory Focus and Control
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Regulatory Focus and Task Demands Regulatory Focus and Task Demands
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Regulatory Focus and Emotions Regulatory Focus and Emotions
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Goals and Control: A Brief Summary Goals and Control: A Brief Summary
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STRATEGIES AND CONTROL STRATEGIES AND CONTROL
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Regulatory Fit Regulatory Fit
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Defensive Pessimism Defensive Pessimism
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Flexible Control of Strategies Flexible Control of Strategies
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TARGETING CONTROL IN THE HIERARCHY TARGETING CONTROL IN THE HIERARCHY
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NOTE NOTE
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REFERENCES REFERENCES
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CHAPTER 17 Conflict and Control at Different Levels of Self-Regulation
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Published:March 2010
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Abstract
Traditionally, self-control conflicts have been defined as conflicts between some immediate, short-term gratification versus some delayed, long-term gain. Although this is certainly a self-control issue, we argue that a focus on this definition of self-control has obscured the broader self-control issue: self-control is about resolving and managing conflict. In this chapter, we take a broad view of defining self-control within the self-regulatory system by considering how conflicts and control are represented within a self-regulatory hierarchy. Specifically, we suggest that self-control involves managing conflicts at multiple levels: managing conflicts between and within the levels of behaviors, tactics, strategies, and goals. In particular, we suggest that self-control conflicts can exist both between and within multiple levels in a hierarchy. Vertical conflicts occur between levels in a self-regulatory hierarchy (e.g., between higher-order and lower-order concerns, between goal orientations and strategies, between strategies and tactics). Horizontal conflicts occur within levels in a self-regulatory hierarchy (e.g., between goals, between strategies, between tactics, between behaviors). We review evidence that individuals exert self-control both horizontally and vertically at the goal and strategic levels of the self-regulatory hierarchy. We end by discussing the possibility that conflict representations are malleable. Representing the same conflict in different ways (e.g., vertically vs. horizontally) may have significant implications for interventions.
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