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Before the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, on the United States, societies were experiencing geopolitical fragmentation. The ideologically rigid fault lines of the cold war became fluid. National and ethnic identities reemerged, and new political alliances were created. After the 2001 terrorist attacks, transnational threats followed religious fault lines, creating a different fragmented world. Both scenarios—the cold war and post-September 11—have been the root of great human suffering and dehumanization.
The field of international relief and development is going through a radical change, not out of willfulness but because of transnational security threats that run along both ideological and religious fault lines. Current world circumstances require private voluntary organizations (PVOs) to remain operationally flexible, adapting to quickly changing circumstances while addressing security issues that historically have not been present.
Unfortunately, PVOs for all their expertise and experience lag behind rather than lead a reassessment of how relief and development should be carried out. To be viable, they must reclaim the programmatic territory they have given up to for-profit contractors and the U.S. military. They need to refocus on their institutional strengths and the constituencies they are serving.
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