
Contents
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Chapter contents Chapter contents
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Lower and upper urinary tract infection in adults Lower and upper urinary tract infection in adults
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Definitions Definitions
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Epidemiology Epidemiology
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Microbiology Microbiology
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Pathogenesis Pathogenesis
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Urine microscopy and dipstick Urine microscopy and dipstick
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Asymptomatic bacteriuria Asymptomatic bacteriuria
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Epidemiology Epidemiology
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Natural history Natural history
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Microbiology Microbiology
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Recommendations Recommendations
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Uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection Uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection
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Epidemiology Epidemiology
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Natural history Natural history
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Clinical features Clinical features
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Differential diagnosis Differential diagnosis
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Diagnosis Diagnosis
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Microbiology Microbiology
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Other investigations Other investigations
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Pharmacological therapy Pharmacological therapy
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Empiric therapy Empiric therapy
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Alternative therapies Alternative therapies
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Follow-up Follow-up
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Prevention Prevention
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Recommendations Recommendations
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Uncomplicated upper urinary tract infection Uncomplicated upper urinary tract infection
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Epidemiology Epidemiology
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Natural history Natural history
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Clinical features Clinical features
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Differential diagnosis Differential diagnosis
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Diagnosis Diagnosis
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Microbiology Microbiology
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Other investigations Other investigations
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Treatment Treatment
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Alternative therapy Alternative therapy
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Follow-up Follow-up
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Recommendations Recommendations
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Complicated urinary tract infection Complicated urinary tract infection
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Urinary tract infections in males Urinary tract infections in males
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Pregnant women Pregnant women
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Diabetes mellitus, emphysematous pyelonephritis and papillary necrosis Diabetes mellitus, emphysematous pyelonephritis and papillary necrosis
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Emphysematous pyelonephritis Emphysematous pyelonephritis
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Papillary necrosis Papillary necrosis
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Urinary tract infection in renal transplant recipients Urinary tract infection in renal transplant recipients
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Indwelling urinary catheter Indwelling urinary catheter
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Renal calculi Renal calculi
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Prostatitis Prostatitis
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Acute bacterial prostatitis Acute bacterial prostatitis
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Chronic prostatitis Chronic prostatitis
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Renal and perinephric abscesses Renal and perinephric abscesses
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Infected cysts Infected cysts
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Renal malacoplakia Renal malacoplakia
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Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
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Recurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infection Recurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infection
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Further reading Further reading
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Internet resources Internet resources
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See also See also
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Urinary tract infection in children Urinary tract infection in children
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Definition Definition
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Epidemiology Epidemiology
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Etiology Etiology
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Clinical presentation Clinical presentation
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History and examination History and examination
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Handling of urine specimens Handling of urine specimens
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Urine dipstick testing Urine dipstick testing
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Management Management
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Acute infection Acute infection
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Prevention of UTI recurrences Prevention of UTI recurrences
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Investigation Investigation
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Vesicoureteric reflux Vesicoureteric reflux
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Long-term follow-up of children with VUR Long-term follow-up of children with VUR
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References References
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Internet resources Internet resources
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See also See also
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Renal tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections Renal tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections
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Renal tuberculosis Renal tuberculosis
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Epidemiology Epidemiology
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Pathogenesis Pathogenesis
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Clinical features Clinical features
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Classical renal tuberculosis Classical renal tuberculosis
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Tuberculous interstitial nephritis Tuberculous interstitial nephritis
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Tuberculosis and glomerular disease Tuberculosis and glomerular disease
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Hyponatremia Hyponatremia
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Tuberculosis causing end-stage renal disease (ESRD) Tuberculosis causing end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
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Tuberculosis in patients with chronic renal insufficiency and ESRD Tuberculosis in patients with chronic renal insufficiency and ESRD
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Tuberculosis in transplant recipients Tuberculosis in transplant recipients
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Laboratory diagnosis Laboratory diagnosis
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Histopathology Histopathology
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Imaging Imaging
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Plain radiology Plain radiology
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Intravenous urography Intravenous urography
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CT scan CT scan
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MRI MRI
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Ultrasound Ultrasound
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Nuclear medicine Nuclear medicine
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Treatment of tuberculosis Treatment of tuberculosis
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Treatment of tuberculosis in patients with impaired renal function Treatment of tuberculosis in patients with impaired renal function
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Surgical intervention Surgical intervention
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TB prophylaxis in transplant patients TB prophylaxis in transplant patients
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Leprosy and renal disease Leprosy and renal disease
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Treatment of leprosy Treatment of leprosy
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Environmental mycobacterial (EM) disease Environmental mycobacterial (EM) disease
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EM disease in end-stage renal disease EM disease in end-stage renal disease
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Hemodialysis Hemodialysis
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Peritoneal dialysis (PD) Peritoneal dialysis (PD)
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Renal transplantation Renal transplantation
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Treatment of EM disease Treatment of EM disease
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Further reading Further reading
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Internet resources Internet resources
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See also See also
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Schistosomiasis Schistosomiasis
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Pathology Pathology
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Clinical features Clinical features
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Phase I Phase I
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Phase II Phase II
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Phase III Phase III
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Phase IV Phase IV
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Lower urinary tract Lower urinary tract
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Upper urinary tract Upper urinary tract
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Glomerular disease Glomerular disease
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Management Management
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Further reading Further reading
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Internet resources Internet resources
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See also See also
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Fungal infections and the kidney Fungal infections and the kidney
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Pathogenesis Pathogenesis
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Opportunistic infections Opportunistic infections
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Candidiasis Candidiasis
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Clinical features Clinical features
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Zygomycosis Zygomycosis
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Clinical features Clinical features
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Imaging studies Imaging studies
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Aspergillosis Aspergillosis
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Clinical features Clinical features
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Cryptococcosis Cryptococcosis
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Endemic infections Endemic infections
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Histoplasmosis Histoplasmosis
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Blastomycosis Blastomycosis
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Coccidiomycosis Coccidiomycosis
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Laboratory diagnosis of renal mycosis Laboratory diagnosis of renal mycosis
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Conventional microbiologic methods Conventional microbiologic methods
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Direct microscopy Direct microscopy
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Histopathologic methods Histopathologic methods
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Immunologic and biochemical methods Immunologic and biochemical methods
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Molecular methods Molecular methods
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Fungal infections following renal transplantation Fungal infections following renal transplantation
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Treatment of fungal infections Treatment of fungal infections
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Lipid formulations of amphotericin B Lipid formulations of amphotericin B
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Triazoles Triazoles
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Echinocandins Echinocandins
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Combination therapy Combination therapy
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Surgery Surgery
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Immune therapy Immune therapy
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Further reading Further reading
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Internet resources Internet resources
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See also See also
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Cite
Extract
Chapter contents
...
Lower and upper urinary tract infection in adults
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common condition resulting in significant morbidity and occasional mortality. UTI may be divided into several categories:
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Definitions
Asymptomatic bacteriuria is the isolation of a specific quantitative count of bacteria, in an appropriately collected sample, in an asymptomatic patient.
Uncomplicated lower UTI is a symptomatic bladder infection (cystitis) in a woman with a normal genitourinary tract.
Uncomplicated upper tract infection is a renal infection (acute pyelonephritis) in a woman with a normal genitourinary tract.
Complicated UTI is a symptomatic infection of any part of the urinary tract, in a patient with functional, metabolic or structural genitourinary tract abnormalities.
Reinfection is recurrent UTI with the same or a different organism following clearance of the organism from the genitourinary tract.
Relapse is recurrent UTI with the same organism that has not been cleared from the genitourinary tract.
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