
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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References References
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Cite
Abstract
This introductory chapter discusses the lack of a unifying theory in psychiatry. No generally accepted theory of mental illness exists, in part because there is little agreement on what the concepts ‘mental’ and ‘illness’ entail. Lacking such a theory, the profession has experienced internal divisiveness, uncertainty among applicants for training, and attacks from outside. Since the decline of nineteenth- and twentieth-century paradigms such as psychoanalysis and behaviourism, psychiatrists have been in search of one that acknowledges what is universally recognized, that is, that human beings function in a nexus comprising the psyche, the soma, and the social surround, and that each domain requires consideration when drawing up a psychiatric formulation and treatment plan. Thus, the biopsychosocial (BPS) paradigm proposed by George L. Engel in 1977 was adopted without much enquiry into details. This book presents a nascent, stronger version of the concept based on a growing body of genetic, epigenetic, and other evidence that encompasses a central, overlapping component to the Venn diagram description of the BPS conceptualization.
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