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Iron functions Iron functions
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Iron homeostasis Iron homeostasis
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Indicators of iron status and deficiency Indicators of iron status and deficiency
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Iron in pregnancy Iron in pregnancy
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Iron deficiency in pregnancy and infancy Iron deficiency in pregnancy and infancy
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The effects of iron deficiency on gestational length and birthweight The effects of iron deficiency on gestational length and birthweight
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The effects of iron deficiency on neurobehavioural development The effects of iron deficiency on neurobehavioural development
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Other effects of iron deficiency Other effects of iron deficiency
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Groups at high risk of iron deficiency Groups at high risk of iron deficiency
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Infant iron requirements Infant iron requirements
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Iron supplementation during pregnancy Iron supplementation during pregnancy
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Iron supplementation in pre-pregnancy Iron supplementation in pre-pregnancy
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Iron supplementation during pregnancy Iron supplementation during pregnancy
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Iron supplementation in preterm infants Iron supplementation in preterm infants
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Iron sources and metabolism Iron sources and metabolism
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Risks of excess iron Risks of excess iron
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Agency guidelines for iron intake Agency guidelines for iron intake
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Iron intake guidelines for pregnant women Iron intake guidelines for pregnant women
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Iron intake guidelines for lactating women Iron intake guidelines for lactating women
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Iron intake guidelines for infants Iron intake guidelines for infants
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Tolerable upper intake levels for iron Tolerable upper intake levels for iron
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Our recommendations for iron intake during pregnancy and lactation Our recommendations for iron intake during pregnancy and lactation
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20 Iron in pregnancy and breastfeeding
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Published:December 2014
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Abstract
Iron requirements increase approximately 2.5-fold by the end of pregnancy, representing the largest relative increase in nutrient requirements for pregnant women. The total additional iron requirement in the third trimester is 9#amp;#x2013;12 mg/day above pre-pregnancy needs, and even with this additional intake, women need to enter pregnancy with iron stores of approximately 500 mg to be able to fully meet the demands of pregnancy. The prevalence of iron deficiency and anaemia is therefore very high among pregnant women and can result in cognitive and motor deficits in the infant that may be irreversible. Prevention of deficiency is therefore critical. Building sufficient iron stores prior to conception is preferable, as it is difficult to obtain adequate iron from diet alone to meet late pregnancy requirements. Iron supplementation of 30 mg/day should be considered, particularly if dietary intake of meat is low.
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