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Introduction to normal cognition and ageing Introduction to normal cognition and ageing
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Structure and function of normal cognitive function Structure and function of normal cognitive function
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Changes in cognition during adulthood Changes in cognition during adulthood
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Non-cognitive features and normative cognitive ageing Non-cognitive features and normative cognitive ageing
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Cognitive reserve and the dementia threshold Cognitive reserve and the dementia threshold
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Determinants of normative cognitive ageing Determinants of normative cognitive ageing
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Conclusions Conclusions
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References References
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121 Normal cognition and ageing: structure, function, and cognitive reserve
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Published:December 2017
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Abstract
Defining normative trajectories of cognitive ageing is essential to determine what is abnormal. Normative cognitive ageing, in itself, correlates highly with changes in everyday function, and thus impacts on the lives of the majority of older adults who do not develop dementia. What is normative depends on: 1) the degree of cognitive change; 2) the pattern of change across cognitive domains; and 3) the concurrence of non-cognitive features, such as changes in activities of daily living. Cognitive reserve influences the third of these predicates and comprises both static and dynamic components. Social context determines the dementia threshold, hence also contributing to the definition of what can be considered as normative cognitive change. Life course studies are essential for the identification of factors that influence normative cognitive ageing to avoid drawing false inferences due to reverse causation.
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