Oxford Textbook of Medicine (5 edn)
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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Streptobacillus moniliformis infection (streptobacillary rat-bite fever and Haverhill fever) Streptobacillus moniliformis infection (streptobacillary rat-bite fever and Haverhill fever)
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Aetiology Aetiology
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Epidemiology Epidemiology
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Streptobacillary rat-bite fever Streptobacillary rat-bite fever
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Haverhill fever Haverhill fever
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Clinical features Clinical features
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Streptobacillary rat-bite fever Streptobacillary rat-bite fever
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Haverhill fever Haverhill fever
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Differential diagnosis Differential diagnosis
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Diagnosis Diagnosis
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Treatment Treatment
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Prognosis Prognosis
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Spirillum minus infection (sodoku, sokosha) Spirillum minus infection (sodoku, sokosha)
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Aetiology Aetiology
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Epidemiology Epidemiology
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Clinical features Clinical features
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Differential diagnosis Differential diagnosis
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Diagnosis Diagnosis
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Treatment Treatment
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Prognosis Prognosis
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Prevention of rat-bite fevers Prevention of rat-bite fevers
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Further reading Further reading
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Cite
Extract
Essentials
Introduction
Feral rodent populations are increasing worldwide and rat bites occur in impoverished infested rural and urban dwellings. Under these conditions, young children are often bitten while asleep and patients with diabetic or leprous neuropathy are particularly vulnerable. However, increasing numbers of rodents are now kept as pets and as laboratory animals, explaining why bites are becoming more common among pet owners and pet shop and laboratory workers. There are said to be at least 20 000 rat bites in the United States of America each year. Wild rats harbour a variety of other zoonotic pathogens including cryptosporidium, pasteurella, yersinia, listeria, coxiella, salmonella, leptospira, toxoplasma, and hantaviruses.
Streptobacillus moniliformis infection (streptobacillary rat-bite fever and Haverhill fever)
Aetiology
Streptobacillus moniliformis is part of the normal pharyngeal flora of 50 to 100% of wild and 10 to 100% of laboratory rats. It can be recovered from their nasopharynx, middle ear, saliva, and urine. In rodents it can cause septicaemia, pneumonia, conjunctivitis, polyarthritis, and abortion. It has been isolated from rats, mice, guinea pigs, gerbils, squirrels, and animals that feed on rodents such as cats, dogs, pigs, ferrets, and weasels. S. moniliformis infection is reported in monkeys, koalas, and turkeys.
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