
Contents
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Expectation, Imagination, and Illusion Expectation, Imagination, and Illusion
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Seeing, Recognizing, and Consciousness Seeing, Recognizing, and Consciousness
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Illusion and Reality Illusion and Reality
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Art and Movies Are Seen Using Boundaries and Surfaces Art and Movies Are Seen Using Boundaries and Surfaces
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Why Do We Bother To See? Why Do We Bother To See?
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All Boundaries Are Invisible All Boundaries Are Invisible
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Living With Your Blind Spot Living With Your Blind Spot
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Jiggling Eyes and Occluded Objects Jiggling Eyes and Occluded Objects
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How Illusions May Represent Reality How Illusions May Represent Reality
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Every Edge Is an Illusion Every Edge Is an Illusion
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Every Line End Is an Illusion Every Line End Is an Illusion
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Neon Color Spreading Neon Color Spreading
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Complementary Properties of Boundaries and Surfaces Complementary Properties of Boundaries and Surfaces
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Complementary Processing Streams in Visual Cortex: Boundaries and Surfaces Complementary Processing Streams in Visual Cortex: Boundaries and Surfaces
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Watercolor Illusion and Neon Color Spreading Watercolor Illusion and Neon Color Spreading
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Texture Grouping, Breaking Camouflage, and Visual Art Texture Grouping, Breaking Camouflage, and Visual Art
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From 2D to 3D: Effects of Context on 3D Boundary Orientation and Surface Filling-In From 2D to 3D: Effects of Context on 3D Boundary Orientation and Surface Filling-In
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Complementary Processing Streams in Visual Cortex: Form, Motion, and Formotion Complementary Processing Streams in Visual Cortex: Form, Motion, and Formotion
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Complementary Processing Streams in Visual Cortex: Motion Perception and Tracking Complementary Processing Streams in Visual Cortex: Motion Perception and Tracking
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All Object Motion Is Illusory: The Aperture Problem All Object Motion Is Illusory: The Aperture Problem
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Motion Capture and the Temporal Dynamics of Decision-Making Motion Capture and the Temporal Dynamics of Decision-Making
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Context Can Create Ambiguity and the Information Needed to Overcome It Context Can Create Ambiguity and the Information Needed to Overcome It
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How Does the Brain Cope with a Probabilistic World? How Does the Brain Cope with a Probabilistic World?
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Does Bayesian Inference Shape Brain Design? Does Bayesian Inference Shape Brain Design?
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ART Models of Brain Learning, Recognition, and Conscious Perception ART Models of Brain Learning, Recognition, and Conscious Perception
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Attention, Matching, Biased Competition, Resonance, and Learning Attention, Matching, Biased Competition, Resonance, and Learning
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Conscious Visual Perception Is a Surface-Shroud Resonance Conscious Visual Perception Is a Surface-Shroud Resonance
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Habituative Gates in Perceptual and Recognition Processes: Afterimages Habituative Gates in Perceptual and Recognition Processes: Afterimages
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Acknowledgments Acknowledgments
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References References
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7 The Visual World as Illusion: The Ones We Know and the Ones We Don’t
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Published:June 2017
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Abstract
This chapter shows how visual illusions arise from neural processes that play an adaptive role in achieving the remarkable perceptual capabilities of advanced brains. It clarifies that many visual percepts are visual illusions, in the sense that they arise from active processes that reorganize and complete perceptual representations from the noisy data received by retinas. Some of these representations look illusory, whereas others look real. The chapter heuristically summarizes explanations of illusions that arise due to completion of perceptual groupings, filling-in of surface lightnesses and colors, transformation of ambiguous motion signals into coherent percepts of object motion direction and speed, and interactions between the form and motion cortical processing streams. A central theme is that the brain is organized into parallel processing streams with computationally complementary properties, that interstream interactions overcome these complementary deficiencies to compute effective representations of the world, and how these representations generate visual illusions.
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