
Contents
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Key Points Key Points
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Introduction Introduction
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Slavery and Colonialism Slavery and Colonialism
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Human Rights Human Rights
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Liberation Struggles Liberation Struggles
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The Rise of the World Bank The Rise of the World Bank
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Neoliberal Economic Theory and Structural Adjustment Policies Neoliberal Economic Theory and Structural Adjustment Policies
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The Alma Ata International Conference on Primary Health Care The Alma Ata International Conference on Primary Health Care
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Selective Primary Health Care: An Interim Strategy? Selective Primary Health Care: An Interim Strategy?
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The Bamako Initiative The Bamako Initiative
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Conclusion Conclusion
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References References
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1 The Roots of Global Health Inequity
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Published:December 2017
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Abstract
This chapter outlines the historical roots of health inequities. It focuses on the African continent, where life expectancy is the shortest and health systems are weakest. The chapter describes the impoverishment of countries by colonial powers, the development of the global human rights framework in the post-World War II era, the impact of the Cold War on African liberation struggles, and the challenges faced by newly liberated African governments to deliver health care through the public sector. The influence of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund’s neoliberal economic policies is also discussed. The chapter highlights the shift from the aspiration of “health for all” voiced at the Alma Ata Conference on Primary Health Care in 1978, to the more narrowly defined “selective primary health care.” Finally, the chapter explains the challenges inherent in financing health in impoverished countries and how user fees became standard practice.
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