
Contents
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9.1 Information Causality 9.1 Information Causality
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9.2 The Parable of the Over-Protective Seer 9.2 The Parable of the Over-Protective Seer
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9.3 More 9.3 More
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9.3.1 The Guessing Game 9.3.1 The Guessing Game
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9.3.2 The Probability of Guessing Correctly 9.3.2 The Probability of Guessing Correctly
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9.3.3 How Information Causality Works 9.3.3 How Information Causality Works
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9.3.4 The Tsirelson Bound from Information Causality 9.3.4 The Tsirelson Bound from Information Causality
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Notes Notes
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9 Why the Quantum?
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Published:February 2016
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Abstract
What principle excludes superquantum correlations that don’t violate the nosignaling principle? In an argument using PR boxes in a 2009 Nature paper, Pawlowski and colleagues show that the Tsirelson bound – the limit achievable in a simulation of a Popescu–Rohrlich correlation with quantum resources – follows from an information-theoretic principle they call “information causality.” For three qubits, it is now known that there are superquantum correlations that cannot be excluded by a bipartite principle like information causality, so this principle does not completely characterize quantum correlations. An intriguing principle, developed by Cabello as the “exclusivity principle” or “Specker’s principle” (from Ernst Specker’s story about a seer from Nineva), and separately by Fritz and colleagues as the principle of “local orthogonality,” yields the Tsirelson bound, and also rules out correlations beyond the quantum limit for the Klyachko correlation and other cases where contextuality or nonlocality is relevant.
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