
Contents
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4.1 Introduction 4.1 Introduction
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4.2 The Grammaticalization of Person Indexing in Iranian: Subjects Versus Objects 4.2 The Grammaticalization of Person Indexing in Iranian: Subjects Versus Objects
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4.2.1 From Pronoun to Agreement Affix: The Typological Perspective 4.2.1 From Pronoun to Agreement Affix: The Typological Perspective
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4.2.2 The Clitic Pronouns of Middle Iranian 4.2.2 The Clitic Pronouns of Middle Iranian
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4.2.3 Clitic Pronouns as Subjects (A) 4.2.3 Clitic Pronouns as Subjects (A)
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4.2.4 Pronominal Clitics as Objects 4.2.4 Pronominal Clitics as Objects
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4.2.5 Summary: The (Non-)Grammaticalization of Iranian Clitic Pronouns 4.2.5 Summary: The (Non-)Grammaticalization of Iranian Clitic Pronouns
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4.3 Further Topics in Iranian Grammaticalization 4.3 Further Topics in Iranian Grammaticalization
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4.3.1 The Grammaticalization of Direct Object Case Markers 4.3.1 The Grammaticalization of Direct Object Case Markers
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4.3.2 The Grammaticalization of Auxiliaries 4.3.2 The Grammaticalization of Auxiliaries
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4.3.3 Continuous Aspect from ‘Have’: Colloquial Persian Daâsštan 4.3.3 Continuous Aspect from ‘Have’: Colloquial Persian Daâsštan
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4.4 Summary 4.4 Summary
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4 Grammaticalization and inflectionalization in Iranian
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Published:November 2018
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Abstract
The oldest attested Iranian languages underwent erosion and loss (or at least simplification) of much of their inherited inflectional morphology. These processes, echoing similar developments elsewhere in Indo-European, affected the categories of gender, case, aspect, person, and modality. The modern languages have since restored the old categories to varying degrees, providing a rich source for observing the mechanisms of grammaticalization. This chapter focuses on the innovation of inflectional person marking, based on erstwhile clitic pronouns. While person indexing for subjects may adhere to the predicted pathway for the grammaticalization of agreement, yielding obligatory verb-bound agreement markers in some languages, the grammaticalization of object indexing does not progress beyond the stage of clitic pronouns, despite the same etymological origin as the subject pronouns, and an even longer time-depth. The chapter also discusses the grammaticalization of a new accusative case marker in Persian, and of an innovated progressive aspect.
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