
Contents
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The Roles of Religion and Government The Roles of Religion and Government
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Shifting the Focus from “What?” to “Why?” Shifting the Focus from “What?” to “Why?”
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Why Have States Created Faith‐Based Policies? Why Have States Created Faith‐Based Policies?
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Religious Sources of Faith‐Based Policy Creation Religious Sources of Faith‐Based Policy Creation
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Creating Cohesion: The Appeal to Religious Actors Creating Cohesion: The Appeal to Religious Actors
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Social Movement Theory: Religious Social Movement Change Social Movement Theory: Religious Social Movement Change
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Hypotheses Hypotheses
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Strength of the Evangelical Movement Strength of the Evangelical Movement
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Previous Success of a Movement Previous Success of a Movement
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The Results of Movement Influence The Results of Movement Influence
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Effects on Offices of Faith‐Based and Community Initiatives Effects on Offices of Faith‐Based and Community Initiatives
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Effects on Number of Legislative Changes Effects on Number of Legislative Changes
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The Place of Faith in Public Life The Place of Faith in Public Life
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Support from Above Support from Above
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A Closer Relationship A Closer Relationship
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Instrumental Symbolic Policy: The Fiscal Opportunity for Success Instrumental Symbolic Policy: The Fiscal Opportunity for Success
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Where the Need Is Greatest? Where the Need Is Greatest?
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Problem‐Driven Policy Implementation Problem‐Driven Policy Implementation
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Politics‐Driven Policy Implementation Politics‐Driven Policy Implementation
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Do States Need Faith‐Based Help to Solve Welfare Coverage Problems? Do States Need Faith‐Based Help to Solve Welfare Coverage Problems?
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Stretching State Dollars Stretching State Dollars
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Making Better Use of Existing Resources Making Better Use of Existing Resources
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Negotiating the Terms of the Relationship Negotiating the Terms of the Relationship
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But Are the Faith‐Based Organizations Ready? But Are the Faith‐Based Organizations Ready?
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A Complicated Mixture A Complicated Mixture
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The Affective and the Instrumental: Religion and Fiscally Conservative Politics The Affective and the Instrumental: Religion and Fiscally Conservative Politics
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Summary and Conclusion Summary and Conclusion
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6 6 Here, There, but Not Quite Everywhere: Why Are There Faith‐Based Initiatives?
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Published:December 2009
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Abstract
Using social movement, this chapter examines political, socioeconomic, and demographic data to discover the underlying causes of the variation in implementation of the faith‐based initiative among states. Most researchers argue that social movements use disruptive acts or lobbying to persuade elites to meet their demands; however, the resurgent evangelical movement has gained power by being influential within state politics, promoting policies like the faith‐based initiative. Data on administrative and legislative implementation at the state level was analyzed using two types of regression analysis. Changes based on the faith‐based initiative were more likely to occur in states with a strong evangelical movement presence and with conservative welfare policies, suggesting both political and fiscal motives behind creating faith‐based policies.
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