
Contents
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Overview Overview
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Infiltrating ductal carcinoma: carcinoma of no special type (NST) Infiltrating ductal carcinoma: carcinoma of no special type (NST)
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Infiltrating lobular carcinoma Infiltrating lobular carcinoma
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Special types Special types
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Tubular carcinoma Tubular carcinoma
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Medullary Medullary
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Mucinous carcinomas Mucinous carcinomas
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Determining tumour grade Determining tumour grade
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Other histological factors Other histological factors
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Molecular factors Molecular factors
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Oestrogen receptor status Oestrogen receptor status
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Her-2/neu expression Her-2/neu expression
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Breast cancer staging Breast cancer staging
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Prognostic tools in breast cancer Prognostic tools in breast cancer
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Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI)
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‘Adjuvant! Online’ ‘Adjuvant! Online’
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Limitations of ‘Adjuvant! Online’ Limitations of ‘Adjuvant! Online’
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‘Predict’ ‘Predict’
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Molecular classification of breast cancers and their clinical applications Molecular classification of breast cancers and their clinical applications
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Oncotype DX Oncotype DX
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Mammaprint Mammaprint
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Further reading Further reading
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10 Invasive breast carcinoma: pathology and prognosis
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Published:October 2013
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Abstract
Invasive breast carcinoma- pathology and prognosis. This chapter provides an overview of the most common types of invasive breast cancer, and describes how various tumour factors influence overall prognosis. The main types of breast cancer are described, along with their specific characteristics. Common molecular factors such as oestrogen and HER2 receptor status are included in this section. The international system for staging of breast cancer allows comparison to be made between different units. Various prognostic tools and molecular profiling techniques are included which are of use when discussing individual prognosis with patients, these include NPI, Predict, Adjuvant!, oncotype DX and mammoprobe. Finally, future technologies are discussed, which will allow treatments to become more individualised.
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