
Contents
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Pain relief in labour Pain relief in labour
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Non-pharmacological methods Non-pharmacological methods
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Pharmacological methods Pharmacological methods
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Nitrous oxide (Entonox®) Nitrous oxide (Entonox®)
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Narcotic agents Narcotic agents
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Epidural analgesia: overview Epidural analgesia: overview
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Anatomy Anatomy
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Epidural analgesia: advantages and disadvantages Epidural analgesia: advantages and disadvantages
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An alternative to epidural: remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia An alternative to epidural: remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia
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Further reading Further reading
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Anaesthetic techniques for Caesarean section: spinal Anaesthetic techniques for Caesarean section: spinal
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Spinal anaesthesia Spinal anaesthesia
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Anaesthetic techniques for Caesarean section: epidural Anaesthetic techniques for Caesarean section: epidural
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Anaesthetic techniques for Caesarean section: combined spinal epidural Anaesthetic techniques for Caesarean section: combined spinal epidural
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Anaesthetic techniques for Caesarean section: general anaesthesia Anaesthetic techniques for Caesarean section: general anaesthesia
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Problems with GA Problems with GA
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Cite
Extract
Pain relief in labour
Uterine contractions in labour are associated with pain. Professionals can help to reduce women’s fears by giving precise, accurate, and relevant information antenatally including the types of analgesia available in their unit.
Ideal pain relief in labour
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Non-pharmacological methods
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Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a safe form of analgesia. It may help with short labour and postpone the need for stronger analgesia, but may not be adequate as labour advances.
Pharmacological methods
Nitrous oxide (Entonox®)
Entonox® is premixed nitrous oxide and oxygen as a 50:50 mixture. It is self-administered and has quick onset of action and a short half-life. Side effects can include feeling faint, nausea, and vomiting.
Narcotic agents
Pudendal nerve block and local perineal infiltration
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Epidural analgesia: overview
Safe and effective analgesia for labour is still something that is not available for the vast majority of women in the world today. Although the provision of epidural analgesia during labour has been one of the greatest advances in the care of women during this difficult and distressing time, it still carries a small, but definite complication rate.
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