
Contents
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i Twentieth century state constitutional revision i Twentieth century state constitutional revision
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New Jersey (1947) New Jersey (1947)
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Louisiana (1973) Louisiana (1973)
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Virginia (1968–1970) Virginia (1968–1970)
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Montana (1967–1972) Montana (1967–1972)
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Michigan (1961–1962) Michigan (1961–1962)
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Georgia (1983) Georgia (1983)
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Florida (1967, 1977, 1997) Florida (1967, 1977, 1997)
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New York (1967, 1997) New York (1967, 1997)
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Alabama (1994–present) Alabama (1994–present)
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Texas (1971–1975) Texas (1971–1975)
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California (1993–1996) California (1993–1996)
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Illinois (1968–1970) Illinois (1968–1970)
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Maryland (1966–1968) Maryland (1966–1968)
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ii State constitutional revision in the twenty-first century ii State constitutional revision in the twenty-first century
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Constitutional Commissions Constitutional Commissions
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Constitutional Conventions Constitutional Conventions
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State Constitutional Change Through the Initiative State Constitutional Change Through the Initiative
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Limited Constitutional Conventions Limited Constitutional Conventions
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iii Conclusion iii Conclusion
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13 Amending and Revising State Constitutions
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Published:September 2009
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Abstract
This chapter discusses the variety of mechanisms available to propose changes to state constitutions. Amendments or revisions of state constitutions can be accomplished through legislative proposal, constitutional convention proposal, constitutional commission proposal, and the initiative in states that permit it. In all states other than Delaware, the electors must approve changes to the state constitution. The chapter reviews the use of limited state constitutional conventions, and constitutional commissions. Constitutional revision processes in a variety of states during the 20th century are discussed, together with general lessons that can be derived from those experiences. The chapter describes difficulties faced in modern times with state constitutional amendment and revision, including popular distrust of constitutional conventions and other constitution-making processes. Several proposed improvements to the initiative process for state constitutional change also discussed.
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