
Contents
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8.1 Introduction 8.1 Introduction
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8.2 Participatory Parity: Theoretical Framework and Regional Realities 8.2 Participatory Parity: Theoretical Framework and Regional Realities
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8.3 The Case of Mexico 8.3 The Case of Mexico
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8.3.1 Constitutional Recognition of Indigenous Peoples and Political Representation of Indigenous Persons 8.3.1 Constitutional Recognition of Indigenous Peoples and Political Representation of Indigenous Persons
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8.3.1.1 Normative Framework 8.3.1.1 Normative Framework
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Pluriculturalism, Indigenous Movements, and Legal Status of Indigenous Peoples and Women Pluriculturalism, Indigenous Movements, and Legal Status of Indigenous Peoples and Women
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Legislative Representation of the Indigenous Population Legislative Representation of the Indigenous Population
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8.3.1.2 Context of Female Political Participation, Indigenous Peoples and Women in Mexico 8.3.1.2 Context of Female Political Participation, Indigenous Peoples and Women in Mexico
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8.3.1.3 Indigenous ‘Uses and Customs’ and Women’s Participatory Rights 8.3.1.3 Indigenous ‘Uses and Customs’ and Women’s Participatory Rights
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8.3.2 The Construction and Application of Participatory Parity: Law, Jurisprudence, and Practice 8.3.2 The Construction and Application of Participatory Parity: Law, Jurisprudence, and Practice
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8.3.2.1 From Gender Quotas to Gender Parity: Legal Reforms and Constitutional Litigation 8.3.2.1 From Gender Quotas to Gender Parity: Legal Reforms and Constitutional Litigation
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8.3.2.2 The 2014 Constitutional Reform on Gender Parity 8.3.2.2 The 2014 Constitutional Reform on Gender Parity
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8.3.2.3 The 2015 Elections, Current Situation, and Prospective Routes 8.3.2.3 The 2015 Elections, Current Situation, and Prospective Routes
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8.3.3 Participatory Parity as Substantive Equality for Indigenous Women: Human Rights, a Life Free from Violence, and Gender, Socio-Economic, and Ethnic Equality 8.3.3 Participatory Parity as Substantive Equality for Indigenous Women: Human Rights, a Life Free from Violence, and Gender, Socio-Economic, and Ethnic Equality
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8.4 Some Conclusions 8.4 Some Conclusions
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References References
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8 Gender Parity, Legal Pluralism, and Human Rights of Indigenous Women: An Outlook from Mexico
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Published:September 2018
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Abstract
Mexico is one of the world leaders in the move towards parity measures for women’s representation, through its constitutional requirement of equal gender representation in legislative candidacies. Mexico has also been on the frontlines of the trend to constitutionally recognize indigenous rights, including self-government. However, the link between the two movements remains controversial. On the one hand, electoral parity for women in state institutions has not translated into a significant increase in the representation of indigenous women. On the other, indigenous women have often been excluded from participating within indigenous forms of governance. Courts have been inconsistent in their interpretation of parity norms and participation rights. To address this challenge, indigenous women have appealed to gender equality, parity democracy, and international human rights, but also to context-specific goals, including the need to tackle violence against indigenous women as well as the grave poverty and vulnerability affecting indigenous peoples.
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