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Challenging Baseball's Color Line Challenging Baseball's Color Line
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The Communist Effort The Communist Effort
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The Daily Worker Campaign for Satchel Paige The Daily Worker Campaign for Satchel Paige
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Comparing Blacks and Jews Comparing Blacks and Jews
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Bill Benswanger and the Pittsburgh Pirates Bill Benswanger and the Pittsburgh Pirates
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The Campaign Intensifies The Campaign Intensifies
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Nat Low Takes Over Nat Low Takes Over
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The Pittsburgh Tryouts The Pittsburgh Tryouts
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Branch Rickey Comes to Brooklyn Branch Rickey Comes to Brooklyn
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The Philadelphia Phillies The Philadelphia Phillies
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5 The Jewish Contribution to Ending Jim Crow Baseball
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Published:June 2011
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Abstract
This chapter chronicles the long history of activism that made it possible for Jackie Robinson to break baseball's color line. Sportswriters for more than a dozen African American newspapers led the effort. They were supported by three Jewish sportswriters for the communist newspaper The Daily Worker. Lester Rodney, Bill Mardo, and Nat Low argued for baseball's integration beginning in 1936. They organized tryouts with major league teams for Negro League players; conducted letter-writing campaigns, protests, and boycotts; and provided the only consistent coverage of Negro League games in the mainstream press. The chapter also looks at the strategic role played by Bill Benswanger, the owner of the Pittsburgh Pirates, the only Jewish owner of a major league team during this era. It examines the roles Ed Gottlieb and Abe Saperstein played in the legendary stories about purchasing and integrating the Philadelphia Phillies when the team declared bankruptcy in 1943.
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