Joachim of Fiore
Joachim of Fiore
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Abstract
In the twelfth century, Joachim of Fiore (c. 1132–1202) developed a powerful and original theology of history. In the twentieth century, particularly after World War Two, much interest was focused on the influence of his ideas, with the result that large and sometimes exaggerated claims were made for his impact on nineteenth- and twentieth-century thought. The first version of this book sought to distinguish between the precise, documented evidence of Joachim's modern influence and the vaguer assertions which had appeared in histories of ideas. A surprising, and until now virtually unchronicled, story emerged. French romantic visionaries, English literary writers, fin de siècle figures dabbling in the occult, a Czech poet involved in resurgent nationalism — all, to a greater or lesser degree, had taken this medieval abbot as a prophet of the ‘new religion of humanity’ which they had sought. The ‘Eternal Evangel’ (the radical form of Joachim's doctrine) was evidently a symbol of the ‘new spirit’ of the future for such figures as Michelet, Quinet, Leroux, Sand, Mazzini, Renan, Matthew Arnold, George Eliot, Pater, Huysmans, W. B. Yeats, and Vrchlicky. In this process, of course, the genuine thought of the medieval biblical exegete was largely lost, but the myth became a powerful inspiration. This radically revised study has been augmented with further prophetic voices and symbols from the past. This book not only confirms the deep structures of visions of the future, but demonstrates and questions the persistence of Joachimist themes in the twentieth-century fin de siècle.
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Front Matter
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Introduction
Gould Warwick andReeves Marjorie
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I
Joachim of Fiore and the Eternal Evangel
Gould Warwick andReeves Marjorie
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II
The Religion of Humanity in the Early Nineteenth Century
Gould Warwick andReeves Marjorie
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III
The Rediscovery of the Eternal Evangel
Gould Warwick andReeves Marjorie
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IV
Pierre Leroux, George Sand, and their Circle
Gould Warwick andReeves Marjorie
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V
George Eliot's Romola: Positivist or Joachimist?
Gould Warwick andReeves Marjorie
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VI
‘Between Two Worlds’: Renan, Sand, and Matthew Arnold
Gould Warwick andReeves Marjorie
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VII
The ‘New Spirit’: Joachimism and Changing Interpretations of the Renaissance in Victorian England
Gould Warwick andReeves Marjorie
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VIII
Joris-Karl Huysmans and the Vintrasian Cult of the Paraclete
Gould Warwick andReeves Marjorie
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IX
W. B. Yeats: A Noble Antinomianism
Gould Warwick andReeves Marjorie
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X
The Trinitarianism of D. H. Lawrence
Gould Warwick andReeves Marjorie
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XI
Joachim of Fiore in Eastern Europe
Gould Warwick andReeves Marjorie
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XII
Conclusion
Gould Warwick andReeves Marjorie
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End Matter
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