
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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What is health? What is health?
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What does ‘healthy’ mean? What does ‘healthy’ mean?
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Assessment of medical health – some examples Assessment of medical health – some examples
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Subjective or self-evaluated health Subjective or self-evaluated health
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Medical health Medical health
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Self-reported health Self-reported health
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General concerns about health and individual differences General concerns about health and individual differences
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Do we really know what matters? Do we really know what matters?
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Rare and common diseases Rare and common diseases
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Severity and comorbidity Severity and comorbidity
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Duration Duration
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Sex and age Sex and age
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Some common approaches Some common approaches
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Extreme group comparisons Extreme group comparisons
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Some less common analytic approaches Some less common analytic approaches
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The structure of health The structure of health
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Additive and multiplicative effects Additive and multiplicative effects
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Future events Future events
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Concluding remarks Concluding remarks
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References References
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14 Health, disease, and cognitive functioning in old age
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Published:April 2004
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Abstract
The accumulation of multiple chronic illnesses with advancing age is well established, and characterizes a significant proportion of the elderly population. This chapter discusses how this is commonly dealt with in cognitive aging research. The absence of a comprehensive view about cognition-associated diseases may result in failures to take into consideration health conditions that are critical to cognitive functioning, sometimes selectively, and this may be particularly true in the study of old age. Different approaches to the definition of health and disease are discussed, followed by examples of research explicitly focused on the relation between health-related variations and cognitive performance. Finally, possible ways to expand this research are proposed. The main message of the chapter is the need for clarity about what it means that participants in cognitive aging research are rarely free of disease.
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