Although the human adult brain is considered to be 10 times less sensitive to cancer induction by radiation than the bone marrow (ICRP, 1969) a relationship between X-ray therapy and subsequent intracranial sarcoma (Martin et al, 1980; Shin et al, 1980; Gerlach & Janisch, 1979; Schratz & Araoz, 1972; Noetzli & Malamud, 1962) and meningioma (Gomori & Shaked, 1982; Spallone, 1982; Iacono et al, 1981) has often been suggested in the literature. Few reports concern the possible association of human glioma and previous radiotherapy. The following case report describes a boy with a malignant astrocytoma in the mid-line of the cerebellum 14 years after X-ray therapy for craniopharyngioma. In our hospital this is the first case of a suspected radiation-induced brain tumour in 66 patients treated for cranial lesions by radiotherapy between 1969 and 1979 who have survived more than 5 years.

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