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Foad Nahai, Z. Paul Lorenc, Jeffrey M. Kenkel, Steven Fagien, Haideh Hirmand, Mark S. Nestor, Anthony P. Sclafani, Jonathan M. Sykes, Heidi A. Waldorf, IncobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin): Background, Mechanism of Action, and Manufacturing, Aesthetic Surgery Journal, Volume 33, Issue 1_Supplement, March 2013, Pages 18S–22S, https://doi.org/10.1177/1090820X12474633
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Abstract
IncobotulinumtoxinA is the third botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNTA) to be approved for aesthetic use in the United States. This article introduces the new product with an overview of clinical applications and a discussion of the neurotoxin's molecular structure. The role and clinical relevance of complexing proteins in BoNTA products are discussed. Finally, incobotulinumtoxinA's mechanism of action is described.