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James E. Pickens, Mohammed Zakhireh, Permanent Removal of Unwanted Hair, Aesthetic Surgery Journal, Volume 24, Issue 5, September 2004, Pages 442–445, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asj.2004.07.006
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Abstract
Background: Currently available methods for permanent removal of unwanted body hair are either slow or may result in painful side effects or scarring.
Objective: The authors investigated the safety and effectiveness of galvanic current by patch and probe technique as a method of permanent hair removal.
Results: Microscopic evidence confirmed that galvanic current treatment using either a probe or patch technique induced alopecia through perifollicular fibrosis. Hair counts indicated that this treatment was equally or more effective than wax-only or electrolysis treatments at 12 and 15 weeks after commencement of treatment. Clinical observation suggested that it caused less irritation or discomfort to patients.
Conclusions: Preliminary investigations indicate that galvanic current treatments are a fast, safe, and effective means of permanent hair removal. Further evaluations of longer-term treatment effectiveness are underway.