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J. F. GARROD, G. P. HARRIS, Studies on the Glasshouse Carnation: Effects of Temperature and Growth Substances on Petal Number, Annals of Botany, Volume 38, Issue 5, November 1974, Pages 1025–1031, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a084892
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Abstract
A low temperature (5 °C) given either continuously or at night promoted the formation of secondary growing centres within the flower of carnation. Additional petals were produced from these centres and hence the total petal number was markedly increased. The formation of secondary growing centres and additional petals could also be promoted by application of GA3or IAA to the shoot tip during flower initiation. Increases in the number of petals arising directly from the receptacle were produced by a localized high temperature treatment of the shoot tip or by application of kinetin. Effects of temperature on petal number were exerted in the early stages of flower development before the flower bud became visible between the leaves.