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G. P. HARRIS, Intermittent Illumination and the Photoperiodic Control of Flowering in Carnation, Annals of Botany, Volume 36, Issue 2, March 1972, Pages 345–352, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a084594
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Abstract
Plants of glasshouse carnation, a facultative long-day plant, were grown in photoperiodic cycles comprising 8 h natural daylight followed by 16-h ‘nights’. Throughout the nights either continuous or intermittent lighting was given from tungsten-filament lamps.
Intermittent lighting comprised 15-min cycles of 5 or 6 min of light followed by 10 or 9 min of dark. This was as effective as continuous lighting in promoting flower initiation providing light intensities were adjusted to give the same total light energy per night. If the same light intensity was used for both continuous and intermittent lighting their relative effectiveness depended on a number of factors. Superiority of the continuous-lighting treatment in promoting flower initiation was apparent when the intensity of light was very low, when the treatments were given for relatively few nights or where shoots were illuminated at an early stage of growth.
The use of intermittent lighting did not offer any obvious practical advantages as a means of controlling flowering in carnation.
