Evaluation of selected foliar insecticides for control of soybean insects, 2023

The impact of selected foliar insecticides against pest insect populations in soybean was evaluated at the UNL South Central Agricultural Laboratory (Clay County, NE) in 2023. The experimental design was an RCB with 4 replicates. Plot size was 12 rows × 27.5 ft length @ 30-inch row spacing. ‘NK 28-T3XF’ soybean seed was planted on 8 May. Plant populations were evaluated on 9 Jun.

The total number of plants in the center 2 rows of each plot was recorded and converted to plants per acre (PPA) (Table 1). Adult Japanese beetle emergence was first observed in the study area on 23 Jun. Foliar insecticides were broadcast over the plant canopy in a 15 GPA water solution via 18-inch nozzle spacing (TeeJet XR11002VS) @ 35 psi on 6 Jul. The crop growth stage was R1 with a plant height of 32 inches. Pre- and post-treatment insect populations were determined by sampling 2 rows of each plot with a 15-inch diameter sweep net (fifteen 180° sweep arcs/plot). Pre-treatment sampling occurred prior to insecticide applications on 6 Jul (Table 2). Post-treatment sampling occurred 4 DAT (Table 3), 7 DAT (Table 4), 10 DAT (Table 5), and 15 DAT (Table 6). Data were analyzed by PROC MIXED with mean separation using differences of least square means (P = 0.05).

Table 1.

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Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	PPA^c
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	0.513 fl oz	119,164
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.03 fl oz	115,284
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.54 fl oz	115,534
Leverage 360	2.8 fl oz	116,035
Endigo ZCX	4.5 fl oz	117,787
Untreated check	---	119,790
	P	0.8625

Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	PPA^c
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	0.513 fl oz	119,164
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.03 fl oz	115,284
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.54 fl oz	115,534
Leverage 360	2.8 fl oz	116,035
Endigo ZCX	4.5 fl oz	117,787
Untreated check	---	119,790
	P	0.8625

Table 1.

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Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	PPA^c
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	0.513 fl oz	119,164
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.03 fl oz	115,284
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.54 fl oz	115,534
Leverage 360	2.8 fl oz	116,035
Endigo ZCX	4.5 fl oz	117,787
Untreated check	---	119,790
	P	0.8625

Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	PPA^c
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	0.513 fl oz	119,164
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.03 fl oz	115,284
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.54 fl oz	115,534
Leverage 360	2.8 fl oz	116,035
Endigo ZCX	4.5 fl oz	117,787
Untreated check	---	119,790
	P	0.8625

Table 2.

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Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	Pre-treatment insect counts/15 sweeps
Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	Japanese beetle^c	Grasshoppers^c
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	0.513 fl oz	6.3	0.5
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.03 fl oz	6.8	0.8
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.54 fl oz	3.5	0.5
Leverage 360	2.8 fl oz	7.8	0.8
Endigo ZCX	4.5 fl oz	3.8	0.8
Untreated check	---	4.5	0.5
	P	0.1521	0.9905

Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	Pre-treatment insect counts/15 sweeps
Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	Japanese beetle^c	Grasshoppers^c
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	0.513 fl oz	6.3	0.5
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.03 fl oz	6.8	0.8
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.54 fl oz	3.5	0.5
Leverage 360	2.8 fl oz	7.8	0.8
Endigo ZCX	4.5 fl oz	3.8	0.8
Untreated check	---	4.5	0.5
	P	0.1521	0.9905

Table 2.

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Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	Pre-treatment insect counts/15 sweeps
Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	Japanese beetle^c	Grasshoppers^c
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	0.513 fl oz	6.3	0.5
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.03 fl oz	6.8	0.8
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.54 fl oz	3.5	0.5
Leverage 360	2.8 fl oz	7.8	0.8
Endigo ZCX	4.5 fl oz	3.8	0.8
Untreated check	---	4.5	0.5
	P	0.1521	0.9905

Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	Pre-treatment insect counts/15 sweeps
Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	Japanese beetle^c	Grasshoppers^c
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	0.513 fl oz	6.3	0.5
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.03 fl oz	6.8	0.8
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.54 fl oz	3.5	0.5
Leverage 360	2.8 fl oz	7.8	0.8
Endigo ZCX	4.5 fl oz	3.8	0.8
Untreated check	---	4.5	0.5
	P	0.1521	0.9905

Table 3.

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Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	4 DAT insect counts/15 sweeps
Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	Japanese beetle^b	Grasshopper^c
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	0.513 fl oz	3.0 a	0.3
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.03 fl oz	4.8 a	0.0
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.54 fl oz	2.3 a	0.3
Leverage 360	2.8 fl oz	0.8 a	0.3
Endigo ZCX	4.5 fl oz	0.8 a	0.3
Untreated check	---	13.8 b	0.3
	P	<0.0001	0.9583

Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	4 DAT insect counts/15 sweeps
Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	Japanese beetle^b	Grasshopper^c
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	0.513 fl oz	3.0 a	0.3
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.03 fl oz	4.8 a	0.0
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.54 fl oz	2.3 a	0.3
Leverage 360	2.8 fl oz	0.8 a	0.3
Endigo ZCX	4.5 fl oz	0.8 a	0.3
Untreated check	---	13.8 b	0.3
	P	<0.0001	0.9583

Table 3.

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Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	4 DAT insect counts/15 sweeps
Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	Japanese beetle^b	Grasshopper^c
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	0.513 fl oz	3.0 a	0.3
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.03 fl oz	4.8 a	0.0
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.54 fl oz	2.3 a	0.3
Leverage 360	2.8 fl oz	0.8 a	0.3
Endigo ZCX	4.5 fl oz	0.8 a	0.3
Untreated check	---	13.8 b	0.3
	P	<0.0001	0.9583

Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	4 DAT insect counts/15 sweeps
Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	Japanese beetle^b	Grasshopper^c
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	0.513 fl oz	3.0 a	0.3
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.03 fl oz	4.8 a	0.0
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.54 fl oz	2.3 a	0.3
Leverage 360	2.8 fl oz	0.8 a	0.3
Endigo ZCX	4.5 fl oz	0.8 a	0.3
Untreated check	---	13.8 b	0.3
	P	<0.0001	0.9583

Table 4.

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Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	7 DAT insect counts/15 sweeps
Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	Japanese beetle^b	Grasshopper^b
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	0.513 fl oz	11.0 b	0.0 a
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.03 fl oz	12.0 b	0.0 a
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.54 fl oz	4.5 a	0.0 a
Leverage 360	2.8 fl oz	1.0 a	0.5 ab
Endigo ZCX	4.5 fl oz	1.3 a	0.0 a
Untreated check	---	14.3 b	1.0 b
	P	0.0012	0.0105

Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	7 DAT insect counts/15 sweeps
Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	Japanese beetle^b	Grasshopper^b
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	0.513 fl oz	11.0 b	0.0 a
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.03 fl oz	12.0 b	0.0 a
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.54 fl oz	4.5 a	0.0 a
Leverage 360	2.8 fl oz	1.0 a	0.5 ab
Endigo ZCX	4.5 fl oz	1.3 a	0.0 a
Untreated check	---	14.3 b	1.0 b
	P	0.0012	0.0105

Table 4.

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Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	7 DAT insect counts/15 sweeps
Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	Japanese beetle^b	Grasshopper^b
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	0.513 fl oz	11.0 b	0.0 a
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.03 fl oz	12.0 b	0.0 a
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.54 fl oz	4.5 a	0.0 a
Leverage 360	2.8 fl oz	1.0 a	0.5 ab
Endigo ZCX	4.5 fl oz	1.3 a	0.0 a
Untreated check	---	14.3 b	1.0 b
	P	0.0012	0.0105

Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	7 DAT insect counts/15 sweeps
Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	Japanese beetle^b	Grasshopper^b
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	0.513 fl oz	11.0 b	0.0 a
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.03 fl oz	12.0 b	0.0 a
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.54 fl oz	4.5 a	0.0 a
Leverage 360	2.8 fl oz	1.0 a	0.5 ab
Endigo ZCX	4.5 fl oz	1.3 a	0.0 a
Untreated check	---	14.3 b	1.0 b
	P	0.0012	0.0105

Table 5.

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Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	10 DAT insect counts/15 sweeps
Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	Japanese beetle^c	Grasshopper^c
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	0.513 fl oz	6.3	0.8
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.03 fl oz	11.5	0.0
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.54 fl oz	8.5	0.0
Leverage 360	2.8 fl oz	3.3	0.3
Endigo ZCX	4.5 fl oz	4.0	0.5
Untreated check	---	10.5	0.0
	P	0.0583	0.6404

Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	10 DAT insect counts/15 sweeps
Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	Japanese beetle^c	Grasshopper^c
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	0.513 fl oz	6.3	0.8
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.03 fl oz	11.5	0.0
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.54 fl oz	8.5	0.0
Leverage 360	2.8 fl oz	3.3	0.3
Endigo ZCX	4.5 fl oz	4.0	0.5
Untreated check	---	10.5	0.0
	P	0.0583	0.6404

Table 5.

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Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	10 DAT insect counts/15 sweeps
Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	Japanese beetle^c	Grasshopper^c
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	0.513 fl oz	6.3	0.8
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.03 fl oz	11.5	0.0
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.54 fl oz	8.5	0.0
Leverage 360	2.8 fl oz	3.3	0.3
Endigo ZCX	4.5 fl oz	4.0	0.5
Untreated check	---	10.5	0.0
	P	0.0583	0.6404

Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	10 DAT insect counts/15 sweeps
Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	Japanese beetle^c	Grasshopper^c
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	0.513 fl oz	6.3	0.8
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.03 fl oz	11.5	0.0
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.54 fl oz	8.5	0.0
Leverage 360	2.8 fl oz	3.3	0.3
Endigo ZCX	4.5 fl oz	4.0	0.5
Untreated check	---	10.5	0.0
	P	0.0583	0.6404

Table 6.

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Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	15 DAT insect counts/15 sweeps
Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	Japanese beetle^c	Grasshopper^b
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	0.513 fl oz	8.0	0.0 a
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.03 fl oz	18.3	0.0 a
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.54 fl oz	15.5	0.0 a
Leverage 360	2.8 fl oz	14.3	1.3 b
Endigo ZCX	4.5 fl oz	19.0	0.0 a
Untreated check	---	19.0	0.0 a
	P	0.5211	0.2348

Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	15 DAT insect counts/15 sweeps
Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	Japanese beetle^c	Grasshopper^b
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	0.513 fl oz	8.0	0.0 a
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.03 fl oz	18.3	0.0 a
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.54 fl oz	15.5	0.0 a
Leverage 360	2.8 fl oz	14.3	1.3 b
Endigo ZCX	4.5 fl oz	19.0	0.0 a
Untreated check	---	19.0	0.0 a
	P	0.5211	0.2348

^aTreatments were broadcast over the plant canopy in a 15 GPA water solution via 18-inch nozzle spacing @ 35 psi on 6 Jul. ^bMeans followed by the same lowercase letter are not statistically different using the differences of least square means (MIXED; P|t| > 0.05).

^cMeans in the column are not statistically different using the differences of least square means (MIXED; P|t| > 0.05).

Table 6.

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Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	15 DAT insect counts/15 sweeps
Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	Japanese beetle^c	Grasshopper^b
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	0.513 fl oz	8.0	0.0 a
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.03 fl oz	18.3	0.0 a
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.54 fl oz	15.5	0.0 a
Leverage 360	2.8 fl oz	14.3	1.3 b
Endigo ZCX	4.5 fl oz	19.0	0.0 a
Untreated check	---	19.0	0.0 a
	P	0.5211	0.2348

Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	15 DAT insect counts/15 sweeps
Treatment^a/Formulation	Rate-amt form/acre	Japanese beetle^c	Grasshopper^b
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	0.513 fl oz	8.0	0.0 a
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.03 fl oz	18.3	0.0 a
A21550 SC 400 gAI/L	1.54 fl oz	15.5	0.0 a
Leverage 360	2.8 fl oz	14.3	1.3 b
Endigo ZCX	4.5 fl oz	19.0	0.0 a
Untreated check	---	19.0	0.0 a
	P	0.5211	0.2348

^cMeans in the column are not statistically different using the differences of least square means (MIXED; P|t| > 0.05).

All foliar insecticides significantly reduced Japanese beetle populations 4 DAT compared to the untreated check. Furthermore, applications of Leverage 360, Endigo ZCX, and A21550 SC @ 1.54 fl oz/acre significantly reduced Japanese beetle populations 7 DAT compared to the untreated check. Grasshopper populations were significantly reduced at 7 DAT by all treatments except Leverage 360, whereas only Leverage 360 significantly reduced grasshopper populations at 15 DAT compared to the untreated check.¹

Footnotes

This research was supported by industry gifts of pesticide and research funding.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected] for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact [email protected].

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Evaluation of selected foliar insecticides for control of soybean insects, 2023

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