Efficacy of Foliar Applied Insecticides for Control of Blueberry Stem Gall Wasp, 2019

Blueberry Stem Gall Wasp (BSGW) | Hemadas nubilipennis Ashmead

The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of foliar applied insecticides for control of Blueberry Stem Gall Wasp (BSGW). Treatments were applied to a ‘Jersey’ cultivar planting in West Olive, MI where mature bushes had been mowed off two years before so there were many vigorous shoots on the 5-ft-tall bushes. There were four replicate plots of each insecticide treatment plus the untreated controls. Plots were seven bushes long and one row wide at a 10′ × 5′ ft spacing. The spray solutions were applied to both sides of the plots using a CO₂-powered backpack sprayer operating at 55 PSI in a volume of water equivalent to 100 gallons per acre and equipped with a single head boom and a TeeJet 8003VS spray nozzle. The total number of galls and their size (small, medium, or large) on each of three central bushes in each plot were assessed in November once the leaves had dropped to allow for an accurate assessment. Gall size is correlated with the number of inhabitants per gall, so a reduction in the size of the gall also reflects a reduction in the number of BSGW that will emerge in the following spring.

The count data of small, medium, large and total galls per bush from Nov assessments were analyzed using a generalized linear model with a binomial distribution. Differences in the mean number of all gall size classes and the total number was assessed using a Wilcoxon test (α = 0.05). All analyses were performed using JMP Pro 13 SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.

Guthion was the most effective treatment with significantly lower total number of galls per bush than all other treatments. Verdepryn also reduced gall density, with the main difference from Guthion being in the average number of small galls. The premixes of Argyle and Cormoran ranked third and fourth, respectively, in the number of galls, but these had higher numbers of medium sized galls compared to the Verdepryn and Guthion treatments (Table 1).¹

Table 1.

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Treatment/formulation	Rate form prod/acre	Appl. timing	Small galls		Medium galls		Large galls		Total galls
			Average ± S.E.		Average ± S.E.		Average ± S.E.		Average ± S.E.
Untreated	–	–	25.2 ± 0.156	a	27.2 ± 0.152	a	3.2 ± 0.099	a	55.7 ± 0.203	a
Diazinon	16^a	C	23.4 ± 0.145	ab	21.0 ± 0.145	abc	2.1 ± 0.072	ab	46.5 ± 0.183	ab
Mustang Maxx	4^b	D
Acephate	16^a	C, D	21.4 ± 0.189	abc	22.6 ± 0.158	ab	2.1 ± 0.080	ab	46.1 ± 0.222	abc
Lannate	48^b	C	22.6 ± 0.206	abc	16.6 ± 0.172	bcd	0.8 ± 0.064	bcd	39.9 ± 0.254	bcd
Mustang Maxx	4^b	D
Exirel	20.5^b	C, D	19.1 ± 0.158	abc	13.5 ± 0.141	d	0.5 ± 0.047	cd	33.1 ± 0.212	bcde
Exirel	20.5^b	A, B	15.3 ± 0.122	bc	14.5 ± 0.131	cd	0.7 ± 0.068	bcd	30.6 ± 0.153	cde
Cormoran	20^b	C, D	17.1 ± 0.158	abc	15.8 ± 0.187	bcd	1.8 ± 0.075	abc	32.6 ± 0.231	de
Argyle	6^b	C, D	16.6 ± 0.136	bc	12.3 ± 0.144	de	0.8 ± 0.054	bcd	29.6 ± 0.195	de
Verdepryn	11^b	C, D	14.6 ± 0.150	c	5.6 ± 0.105	ef	0.2 ± 0.041	cd	20.3 ± 0.178	e
Guthion	24^a	C, D	4.0 ± 0.080	d	0.9 ± 0.060	f	0.1 ± 0.029	cd	4.9 ± 0.096	f
Statistic			χ ² = 67.32, d.f. = 9,P < 0.001		χ ² = 104.57, d.f. = 9,P < 0.001		χ ² = 56.13, d.f. = 9, P < 0.001		χ ² = 67.32, d.f. = 9, P < 0.001

Treatment/formulation	Rate form prod/acre	Appl. timing	Small galls		Medium galls		Large galls		Total galls
			Average ± S.E.		Average ± S.E.		Average ± S.E.		Average ± S.E.
Untreated	–	–	25.2 ± 0.156	a	27.2 ± 0.152	a	3.2 ± 0.099	a	55.7 ± 0.203	a
Diazinon	16^a	C	23.4 ± 0.145	ab	21.0 ± 0.145	abc	2.1 ± 0.072	ab	46.5 ± 0.183	ab
Mustang Maxx	4^b	D
Acephate	16^a	C, D	21.4 ± 0.189	abc	22.6 ± 0.158	ab	2.1 ± 0.080	ab	46.1 ± 0.222	abc
Lannate	48^b	C	22.6 ± 0.206	abc	16.6 ± 0.172	bcd	0.8 ± 0.064	bcd	39.9 ± 0.254	bcd
Mustang Maxx	4^b	D
Exirel	20.5^b	C, D	19.1 ± 0.158	abc	13.5 ± 0.141	d	0.5 ± 0.047	cd	33.1 ± 0.212	bcde
Exirel	20.5^b	A, B	15.3 ± 0.122	bc	14.5 ± 0.131	cd	0.7 ± 0.068	bcd	30.6 ± 0.153	cde
Cormoran	20^b	C, D	17.1 ± 0.158	abc	15.8 ± 0.187	bcd	1.8 ± 0.075	abc	32.6 ± 0.231	de
Argyle	6^b	C, D	16.6 ± 0.136	bc	12.3 ± 0.144	de	0.8 ± 0.054	bcd	29.6 ± 0.195	de
Verdepryn	11^b	C, D	14.6 ± 0.150	c	5.6 ± 0.105	ef	0.2 ± 0.041	cd	20.3 ± 0.178	e
Guthion	24^a	C, D	4.0 ± 0.080	d	0.9 ± 0.060	f	0.1 ± 0.029	cd	4.9 ± 0.096	f
Statistic			χ ² = 67.32, d.f. = 9,P < 0.001		χ ² = 104.57, d.f. = 9,P < 0.001		χ ² = 56.13, d.f. = 9, P < 0.001		χ ² = 67.32, d.f. = 9, P < 0.001

A = 31 May 2019, B = 5 June 2019, C = 18 June 2019, D = 25 June 2019.

Values in a column followed by the same lower case letter are not significantly different (P >0.05).

^afl. oz product per acre.

^boz (wt) product per acre.

Table 1.

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Treatment/formulation	Rate form prod/acre	Appl. timing	Small galls		Medium galls		Large galls		Total galls
			Average ± S.E.		Average ± S.E.		Average ± S.E.		Average ± S.E.
Untreated	–	–	25.2 ± 0.156	a	27.2 ± 0.152	a	3.2 ± 0.099	a	55.7 ± 0.203	a
Diazinon	16^a	C	23.4 ± 0.145	ab	21.0 ± 0.145	abc	2.1 ± 0.072	ab	46.5 ± 0.183	ab
Mustang Maxx	4^b	D
Acephate	16^a	C, D	21.4 ± 0.189	abc	22.6 ± 0.158	ab	2.1 ± 0.080	ab	46.1 ± 0.222	abc
Lannate	48^b	C	22.6 ± 0.206	abc	16.6 ± 0.172	bcd	0.8 ± 0.064	bcd	39.9 ± 0.254	bcd
Mustang Maxx	4^b	D
Exirel	20.5^b	C, D	19.1 ± 0.158	abc	13.5 ± 0.141	d	0.5 ± 0.047	cd	33.1 ± 0.212	bcde
Exirel	20.5^b	A, B	15.3 ± 0.122	bc	14.5 ± 0.131	cd	0.7 ± 0.068	bcd	30.6 ± 0.153	cde
Cormoran	20^b	C, D	17.1 ± 0.158	abc	15.8 ± 0.187	bcd	1.8 ± 0.075	abc	32.6 ± 0.231	de
Argyle	6^b	C, D	16.6 ± 0.136	bc	12.3 ± 0.144	de	0.8 ± 0.054	bcd	29.6 ± 0.195	de
Verdepryn	11^b	C, D	14.6 ± 0.150	c	5.6 ± 0.105	ef	0.2 ± 0.041	cd	20.3 ± 0.178	e
Guthion	24^a	C, D	4.0 ± 0.080	d	0.9 ± 0.060	f	0.1 ± 0.029	cd	4.9 ± 0.096	f
Statistic			χ ² = 67.32, d.f. = 9,P < 0.001		χ ² = 104.57, d.f. = 9,P < 0.001		χ ² = 56.13, d.f. = 9, P < 0.001		χ ² = 67.32, d.f. = 9, P < 0.001

Treatment/formulation	Rate form prod/acre	Appl. timing	Small galls		Medium galls		Large galls		Total galls
			Average ± S.E.		Average ± S.E.		Average ± S.E.		Average ± S.E.
Untreated	–	–	25.2 ± 0.156	a	27.2 ± 0.152	a	3.2 ± 0.099	a	55.7 ± 0.203	a
Diazinon	16^a	C	23.4 ± 0.145	ab	21.0 ± 0.145	abc	2.1 ± 0.072	ab	46.5 ± 0.183	ab
Mustang Maxx	4^b	D
Acephate	16^a	C, D	21.4 ± 0.189	abc	22.6 ± 0.158	ab	2.1 ± 0.080	ab	46.1 ± 0.222	abc
Lannate	48^b	C	22.6 ± 0.206	abc	16.6 ± 0.172	bcd	0.8 ± 0.064	bcd	39.9 ± 0.254	bcd
Mustang Maxx	4^b	D
Exirel	20.5^b	C, D	19.1 ± 0.158	abc	13.5 ± 0.141	d	0.5 ± 0.047	cd	33.1 ± 0.212	bcde
Exirel	20.5^b	A, B	15.3 ± 0.122	bc	14.5 ± 0.131	cd	0.7 ± 0.068	bcd	30.6 ± 0.153	cde
Cormoran	20^b	C, D	17.1 ± 0.158	abc	15.8 ± 0.187	bcd	1.8 ± 0.075	abc	32.6 ± 0.231	de
Argyle	6^b	C, D	16.6 ± 0.136	bc	12.3 ± 0.144	de	0.8 ± 0.054	bcd	29.6 ± 0.195	de
Verdepryn	11^b	C, D	14.6 ± 0.150	c	5.6 ± 0.105	ef	0.2 ± 0.041	cd	20.3 ± 0.178	e
Guthion	24^a	C, D	4.0 ± 0.080	d	0.9 ± 0.060	f	0.1 ± 0.029	cd	4.9 ± 0.096	f
Statistic			χ ² = 67.32, d.f. = 9,P < 0.001		χ ² = 104.57, d.f. = 9,P < 0.001		χ ² = 56.13, d.f. = 9, P < 0.001		χ ² = 67.32, d.f. = 9, P < 0.001

A = 31 May 2019, B = 5 June 2019, C = 18 June 2019, D = 25 June 2019.

Values in a column followed by the same lower case letter are not significantly different (P >0.05).

^afl. oz product per acre.

^boz (wt) product per acre.

Footnotes

This research was supported by the Michigan Blueberry Commission, Michigan State Horticultural Society, Project GREEEN, and USDA-NIFA’s Crop Protection and Pest Management program (2018-70006-28917). We thank the chemical companies for providing insecticides to test.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected]

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Efficacy of Foliar Applied Insecticides for Control of Blueberry Stem Gall Wasp, 2019

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Efficacy of Foliar Applied Insecticides for Control of Blueberry Stem Gall Wasp, 2019