This trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of various rates of Venerate XC against WAA. Single-tree plots arranged in an RCB design were established in a 21-yr-old ‘Golden Delicious’ (Red Block) apple planting (20- × 14-ft spacing) located at the Trevor Nichols Research Center. Test materials were applied with an FMC 1029 airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gpa at 2.5 mph. In addition, regular maintenance foliar applications were applied to all treatments including Captan, Penncozeb, DPX-RDS63 (neonicotinyl), Inspire Super, Battalion, Annihilate, Procure, Fontelis, Manzate, Flint, Syllit, and Scala. Also, glyphosate and Parrot were banded below the rows for weed control. WAA evaluations were made by inspecting shoots for 2 min on 27 Jun, 6 Jul, 13 Jul, and 15 Aug, with the mean number of live colonies reported (Table 1). Although actual counts are presented, ANOVA was run on transformed data. Transformed treatment means were analyzed using ANOVA and means separation by Tukey’s HSD at P ≤ 0.05.

Treatment/formulationRate product/acreAppl. CodeLive WAA colonies/2 min
Pre-trt 27 Jun6 Jul13 Jul15 Aug
Untreated Check6.5a8.3a15.0a20.3a
Venerate XC +1 qtA9.5a1.5b1.5b3.0b
NuFilm P0.13% v:vA
Venerate XC +2 qtA6.3a3.0b3.0b9.8ab
NuFilm P0.13% v:vA
Venerate XC +4 qtA6.5a2.8b3.0b7.3b
NuFilm P0.13% v:vA
Sivanto Prime 200SC +14 fl ozA5.0a1.5b2.3b4.0b
R-11 90EC0.13% v:vA
Treatment/formulationRate product/acreAppl. CodeLive WAA colonies/2 min
Pre-trt 27 Jun6 Jul13 Jul15 Aug
Untreated Check6.5a8.3a15.0a20.3a
Venerate XC +1 qtA9.5a1.5b1.5b3.0b
NuFilm P0.13% v:vA
Venerate XC +2 qtA6.3a3.0b3.0b9.8ab
NuFilm P0.13% v:vA
Venerate XC +4 qtA6.5a2.8b3.0b7.3b
NuFilm P0.13% v:vA
Sivanto Prime 200SC +14 fl ozA5.0a1.5b2.3b4.0b
R-11 90EC0.13% v:vA

Means followed by the same letter do not significantly differ (P ≤ 0.05, Tukey’s HSD).

ANOVA performed on square-root transformed data; data presented are actual counts.

A = 29 Jun (Threshold after pretreatment count).

Treatment/formulationRate product/acreAppl. CodeLive WAA colonies/2 min
Pre-trt 27 Jun6 Jul13 Jul15 Aug
Untreated Check6.5a8.3a15.0a20.3a
Venerate XC +1 qtA9.5a1.5b1.5b3.0b
NuFilm P0.13% v:vA
Venerate XC +2 qtA6.3a3.0b3.0b9.8ab
NuFilm P0.13% v:vA
Venerate XC +4 qtA6.5a2.8b3.0b7.3b
NuFilm P0.13% v:vA
Sivanto Prime 200SC +14 fl ozA5.0a1.5b2.3b4.0b
R-11 90EC0.13% v:vA
Treatment/formulationRate product/acreAppl. CodeLive WAA colonies/2 min
Pre-trt 27 Jun6 Jul13 Jul15 Aug
Untreated Check6.5a8.3a15.0a20.3a
Venerate XC +1 qtA9.5a1.5b1.5b3.0b
NuFilm P0.13% v:vA
Venerate XC +2 qtA6.3a3.0b3.0b9.8ab
NuFilm P0.13% v:vA
Venerate XC +4 qtA6.5a2.8b3.0b7.3b
NuFilm P0.13% v:vA
Sivanto Prime 200SC +14 fl ozA5.0a1.5b2.3b4.0b
R-11 90EC0.13% v:vA

Means followed by the same letter do not significantly differ (P ≤ 0.05, Tukey’s HSD).

ANOVA performed on square-root transformed data; data presented are actual counts.

A = 29 Jun (Threshold after pretreatment count).

All treatments significantly reduced the incidence of WAA at the 6 Jul evaluation compared with the untreated check (Table 1). All treatments, except the 2 qt/acre rate of Venerate maintained control of WAA through the 15 Aug evaluation.

This research was supported by industry gifts of pesticides and research funding.

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