Registered and Experimental Foliar Insecticides for Control of Colorado Potato Beetle and Potato Leafhopper in Potato, 2016*

Author Notes

The objective of this experiment was to assess the efficacy of foliar insecticides applied for the control of select insect pests in potato. The trial consisted of 34 main effect treatments and 2 untreated checks arranged in a randomized complete block design with four experimental replicates. This experiment was conducted at the Hancock Agricultural Research Station (HARS) located 1.1 mile (1.8 km) southwest of Hancock, Wisconsin on a loamy sand soil in the spring and early summer season of 2016. Experimental plots consisted of two row plots measuring 6 ft (1.8 m) wide and 20 ft (6.1 m) in length with unplanted guard rows on each side. Rows were planted on 36 inch (0.9 m) row centers with 12 inch (30.5 cm) between plants with 12 ft (3.6 m) alleys separating replications. All foliar treatments were applied at 20 gallons per acre (gpa) using a four nozzle, 6 ft (1.8 m) boom equipped with an XRVS 8002 flat fan spray tip powered by a CO₂ backpack sprayer operating at 30 psi. Up to three foliar applications were made, however most treatments were comprised of two applications on 16 Jun and 23 Jun when 75–90% of the first generation CPB was within the first and second stadia (Table 1). Weather conditions, insect counts and days after treatment dates can be found in Tables 2 and 3. All plots were maintained according to standard commercial practices including irrigation, fertility and disease management inputs. Insect life stages including CPB adults (AD), egg masses (EM), small larvae (SL), large larvae (LL) were assessed by counting the number of each on 10 randomly selected plants from the center of each plot. Potato leafhopper (PLH) control efficacy was assessed by counting the number of adults (PLH-A) in 20 standard 15 inch (38.1 cm) canopy sweeps, and nymphs (PLH-N) on 25 randomly selected leaves from the center two rows of each plot. Aphid control efficacy was assessed using the same method as for PLH nymphs. Defoliation ratings (DF) were determined by visual observation of the entire plot and ranked by an index value whereby defoliation was scored as a value of “1”, if estimated defoliation ranged between 0% and 2%; as a “2” if estimated defoliation ranged between 2% and 5%; as a “3” if estimated defoliation ranged between 5% and 10%; and as a “4” if estimated defoliation exceeded 10%. Cumulative count data were initially Log₁₀ transformed prior to data analysis using ANOVA and means were compared using a Tukey’s HSD means separation test (P = 0.05) (Table 4). Populations of CPB were already established by the first foliar application, as defoliation estimates approached 5% in most plots. Experimental treatments were often significantly different than the untreated check in the control of CPB adult, larval, and associated defoliation, although some treatments were more effective at controlling immature CPB. No signs of phototoxicity were observed.

Table 1

	Treatments/rates	Application dates
	Treatments/rates	8 Jun	16 Jun	23 Jun	6 Jul
1	Untreated
2	Exirel 10.8 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
3	Agri-Mek 2.72 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
4	Exp1-1 + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
5	Exp1-2 + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
6	Exp1-3 + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
7	Besiege 9 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
8	Blackhawk 3.3 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
9	Blackhawk 3.0 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
10	Blackhawk 2.75 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
11	Exp2 + LI-700 (2 app.)		X	X
12	Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 app.)		X	X
13	Exp2 + Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 app.)		X	X
14	Exp2 + Exp3-2 + LI-700 (2 app.)		X	X
15	Exp3-5 + LI-700 (2 app.)		X	X
16	Exp3-3 + LI-700 (2 app.)		X	X
17	Exp3-1 + LI-700 (2 app.)		X	X
18	Gladiator 19 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
19	Athena 17 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
20	Exp4-2 + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
21	Exp4-1 + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
22	Exp5-2 (3 app. 14 day)	X		X	X
23	Exp6-2 (3 app. 14 day)	X		X	X
24	Exp5-1 (3 app. 14 day)	X		X	X
25	Exp6-1 (3 app. 14 day)			X	X
26	Exp5-2 (3 app. 7 day)	X	X	X
27	Exp6-1 (3 app. 7 day)	X	X	X
28	Rimon 9, 8, 7 oz/a (3 app.)	X	X	X
29	Grandevo 3 lb/a (3 app.)	X	X	X
30	Venerate 8 qt/a (3 app.)	X	X	X
31	Untreated
32	Belay 3 oz/a + MSO (2 app.)		X	X
33	Entrust 10 oz/a (2 app.)		X	X
34	Radiant 8 oz/a (2 app.)		X	X
35	Sivanto 14 oz/a (2 app.)		X	X
36	Coragen 5 oz/a (2 app.)		X	X

	Treatments/rates	Application dates
	Treatments/rates	8 Jun	16 Jun	23 Jun	6 Jul
1	Untreated
2	Exirel 10.8 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
3	Agri-Mek 2.72 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
4	Exp1-1 + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
5	Exp1-2 + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
6	Exp1-3 + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
7	Besiege 9 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
8	Blackhawk 3.3 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
9	Blackhawk 3.0 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
10	Blackhawk 2.75 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
11	Exp2 + LI-700 (2 app.)		X	X
12	Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 app.)		X	X
13	Exp2 + Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 app.)		X	X
14	Exp2 + Exp3-2 + LI-700 (2 app.)		X	X
15	Exp3-5 + LI-700 (2 app.)		X	X
16	Exp3-3 + LI-700 (2 app.)		X	X
17	Exp3-1 + LI-700 (2 app.)		X	X
18	Gladiator 19 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
19	Athena 17 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
20	Exp4-2 + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
21	Exp4-1 + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
22	Exp5-2 (3 app. 14 day)	X		X	X
23	Exp6-2 (3 app. 14 day)	X		X	X
24	Exp5-1 (3 app. 14 day)	X		X	X
25	Exp6-1 (3 app. 14 day)			X	X
26	Exp5-2 (3 app. 7 day)	X	X	X
27	Exp6-1 (3 app. 7 day)	X	X	X
28	Rimon 9, 8, 7 oz/a (3 app.)	X	X	X
29	Grandevo 3 lb/a (3 app.)	X	X	X
30	Venerate 8 qt/a (3 app.)	X	X	X
31	Untreated
32	Belay 3 oz/a + MSO (2 app.)		X	X
33	Entrust 10 oz/a (2 app.)		X	X
34	Radiant 8 oz/a (2 app.)		X	X
35	Sivanto 14 oz/a (2 app.)		X	X
36	Coragen 5 oz/a (2 app.)		X	X

Table 1

	Treatments/rates	Application dates
	Treatments/rates	8 Jun	16 Jun	23 Jun	6 Jul
1	Untreated
2	Exirel 10.8 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
3	Agri-Mek 2.72 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
4	Exp1-1 + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
5	Exp1-2 + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
6	Exp1-3 + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
7	Besiege 9 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
8	Blackhawk 3.3 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
9	Blackhawk 3.0 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
10	Blackhawk 2.75 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
11	Exp2 + LI-700 (2 app.)		X	X
12	Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 app.)		X	X
13	Exp2 + Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 app.)		X	X
14	Exp2 + Exp3-2 + LI-700 (2 app.)		X	X
15	Exp3-5 + LI-700 (2 app.)		X	X
16	Exp3-3 + LI-700 (2 app.)		X	X
17	Exp3-1 + LI-700 (2 app.)		X	X
18	Gladiator 19 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
19	Athena 17 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
20	Exp4-2 + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
21	Exp4-1 + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
22	Exp5-2 (3 app. 14 day)	X		X	X
23	Exp6-2 (3 app. 14 day)	X		X	X
24	Exp5-1 (3 app. 14 day)	X		X	X
25	Exp6-1 (3 app. 14 day)			X	X
26	Exp5-2 (3 app. 7 day)	X	X	X
27	Exp6-1 (3 app. 7 day)	X	X	X
28	Rimon 9, 8, 7 oz/a (3 app.)	X	X	X
29	Grandevo 3 lb/a (3 app.)	X	X	X
30	Venerate 8 qt/a (3 app.)	X	X	X
31	Untreated
32	Belay 3 oz/a + MSO (2 app.)		X	X
33	Entrust 10 oz/a (2 app.)		X	X
34	Radiant 8 oz/a (2 app.)		X	X
35	Sivanto 14 oz/a (2 app.)		X	X
36	Coragen 5 oz/a (2 app.)		X	X

	Treatments/rates	Application dates
	Treatments/rates	8 Jun	16 Jun	23 Jun	6 Jul
1	Untreated
2	Exirel 10.8 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
3	Agri-Mek 2.72 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
4	Exp1-1 + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
5	Exp1-2 + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
6	Exp1-3 + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
7	Besiege 9 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
8	Blackhawk 3.3 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
9	Blackhawk 3.0 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
10	Blackhawk 2.75 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
11	Exp2 + LI-700 (2 app.)		X	X
12	Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 app.)		X	X
13	Exp2 + Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 app.)		X	X
14	Exp2 + Exp3-2 + LI-700 (2 app.)		X	X
15	Exp3-5 + LI-700 (2 app.)		X	X
16	Exp3-3 + LI-700 (2 app.)		X	X
17	Exp3-1 + LI-700 (2 app.)		X	X
18	Gladiator 19 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
19	Athena 17 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
20	Exp4-2 + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
21	Exp4-1 + NIS (2 app.)		X	X
22	Exp5-2 (3 app. 14 day)	X		X	X
23	Exp6-2 (3 app. 14 day)	X		X	X
24	Exp5-1 (3 app. 14 day)	X		X	X
25	Exp6-1 (3 app. 14 day)			X	X
26	Exp5-2 (3 app. 7 day)	X	X	X
27	Exp6-1 (3 app. 7 day)	X	X	X
28	Rimon 9, 8, 7 oz/a (3 app.)	X	X	X
29	Grandevo 3 lb/a (3 app.)	X	X	X
30	Venerate 8 qt/a (3 app.)	X	X	X
31	Untreated
32	Belay 3 oz/a + MSO (2 app.)		X	X
33	Entrust 10 oz/a (2 app.)		X	X
34	Radiant 8 oz/a (2 app.)		X	X
35	Sivanto 14 oz/a (2 app.)		X	X
36	Coragen 5 oz/a (2 app.)		X	X

Table 2

Count type	8 Jun	16 Jun	20 Jun	22 Jun	23 Jun	27 Jun	29 Jun	6 Jul	6 Jul	7 Jul	12 Jul	13 Jul	14 Jul
CPB-A	Insecticide application	Insecticide application	X		Insecticide application	X		X	Insecticide application		X
CPB-EM			X			X		X			X
CPB-SL			X			X		X			X
CPB-LL			X			X		X			X
PLH-A				X			X					X
PLH-N							X			X			X
Aphid							X			X			X
Defoliation							X			X		X
*Days after last treatment*			4	6	–	4	6	13	–	1	6	7	8

Count type	8 Jun	16 Jun	20 Jun	22 Jun	23 Jun	27 Jun	29 Jun	6 Jul	6 Jul	7 Jul	12 Jul	13 Jul	14 Jul
CPB-A	Insecticide application	Insecticide application	X		Insecticide application	X		X	Insecticide application		X
CPB-EM			X			X		X			X
CPB-SL			X			X		X			X
CPB-LL			X			X		X			X
PLH-A				X			X					X
PLH-N							X			X			X
Aphid							X			X			X
Defoliation							X			X		X
*Days after last treatment*			4	6	–	4	6	13	–	1	6	7	8

Table 2

Count type	8 Jun	16 Jun	20 Jun	22 Jun	23 Jun	27 Jun	29 Jun	6 Jul	6 Jul	7 Jul	12 Jul	13 Jul	14 Jul
CPB-A	Insecticide application	Insecticide application	X		Insecticide application	X		X	Insecticide application		X
CPB-EM			X			X		X			X
CPB-SL			X			X		X			X
CPB-LL			X			X		X			X
PLH-A				X			X					X
PLH-N							X			X			X
Aphid							X			X			X
Defoliation							X			X		X
*Days after last treatment*			4	6	–	4	6	13	–	1	6	7	8

Count type	8 Jun	16 Jun	20 Jun	22 Jun	23 Jun	27 Jun	29 Jun	6 Jul	6 Jul	7 Jul	12 Jul	13 Jul	14 Jul
CPB-A	Insecticide application	Insecticide application	X		Insecticide application	X		X	Insecticide application		X
CPB-EM			X			X		X			X
CPB-SL			X			X		X			X
CPB-LL			X			X		X			X
PLH-A				X			X					X
PLH-N							X			X			X
Aphid							X			X			X
Defoliation							X			X		X
*Days after last treatment*			4	6	–	4	6	13	–	1	6	7	8

Table 3

Date	Appl Time	Wind Dir	Wind Speed	Temp.	RH%	Sky
8 Jun	10:00–11:00	N/NW	3 mph (4.8 kph)	71 °F (22 °C)	57	cloudy
16 Jun	9:30–11:00	N	5–8 mph (8–13 kph)	68 °F (20 °C)	55	cloudy
23 Jun	9:00–10:30	E	2 mph (3.2 kph)	70 °F (21 °C)	62	cloudy
6 Jul	9:00–10:00	W	2.5 mph (4.1 kph)	72 °F (22 °C)	79	cloudy

Date	Appl Time	Wind Dir	Wind Speed	Temp.	RH%	Sky
8 Jun	10:00–11:00	N/NW	3 mph (4.8 kph)	71 °F (22 °C)	57	cloudy
16 Jun	9:30–11:00	N	5–8 mph (8–13 kph)	68 °F (20 °C)	55	cloudy
23 Jun	9:00–10:30	E	2 mph (3.2 kph)	70 °F (21 °C)	62	cloudy
6 Jul	9:00–10:00	W	2.5 mph (4.1 kph)	72 °F (22 °C)	79	cloudy

Table 3

Date	Appl Time	Wind Dir	Wind Speed	Temp.	RH%	Sky
8 Jun	10:00–11:00	N/NW	3 mph (4.8 kph)	71 °F (22 °C)	57	cloudy
16 Jun	9:30–11:00	N	5–8 mph (8–13 kph)	68 °F (20 °C)	55	cloudy
23 Jun	9:00–10:30	E	2 mph (3.2 kph)	70 °F (21 °C)	62	cloudy
6 Jul	9:00–10:00	W	2.5 mph (4.1 kph)	72 °F (22 °C)	79	cloudy

Date	Appl Time	Wind Dir	Wind Speed	Temp.	RH%	Sky
8 Jun	10:00–11:00	N/NW	3 mph (4.8 kph)	71 °F (22 °C)	57	cloudy
16 Jun	9:30–11:00	N	5–8 mph (8–13 kph)	68 °F (20 °C)	55	cloudy
23 Jun	9:00–10:30	E	2 mph (3.2 kph)	70 °F (21 °C)	62	cloudy
6 Jul	9:00–10:00	W	2.5 mph (4.1 kph)	72 °F (22 °C)	79	cloudy

Table 4

	Treatment/Rate	CPB-AD 1	CPB-AD 2	CPB-EM	CPB-SL	CPB-LL	PLHA	PLHN	Aphid	DF
1	Untreated	1.25 a–e	172.75 d–g	5.75 a	407.25 hi	277.00 j	5.75 a–g	25 ef	4.75 a	3.83 kl
2	Exirel 10.8 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)	6 c–g	30 ab	5.25 a	38.25 a–d	5.50 ab	28.00 ij	19.5 ef	2.5 a	1.08 ab
3	Agri-Mek 2.72 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)	2.5 a–g	31 a–e	8.00 a	81.75 c–g	7.50 a–e	26.75 hij	25.5 ef	6.5 a	1.08 ab
4	Exp1-1 + NIS (2 app.)	10.25 g	77.5 a–g	9.00 a	51.25 a–e	7.00 a–d	21.25 g–j	22.5 ef	4 a	1.33 a–d
5	Exp1-2 + NIS (2 app.)	8.75 fg	31.5 a–d	10.00 a	45.25 a–d	3.25 a	28.00 hij	21.75 ef	3 a	1.08 ab
6	Exp1-3 + NIS (2 app.)	4.75 a–g	12.5 a	11.50 a	32.00 abc	1.50 a	20.50 f–j	16.25 c–f	2 a	1.00 a
7	Besiege 9 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)	5 b–g	39 a–f	8.75 a	186.75 e–i	24.75 e–h	12.00 c–j	2.5 a–e	3.5 a	1.00 a
8	Blackhawk 3.3 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)	6.75 c–g	52.25 abc	11.25 a	46.50 a–d	24.25 d–g	21.50 g–j	34.25 f	5.5 a	1.25 abc
9	Blackhawk 3.0 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)	6.75 d–g	93.5 a–g	12.50 a	49.50 a–e	14.00 b–f	29.25 ij	43 f	8.5 a	1.42 a–e
10	Blackhawk 2.75 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)	5.75 c–g	30.75 a–e	10.75 a	54.00 bcdef	20.00 c–f	23.00 g–j	23.5 ef	4 a	1.00 a
11	Exp2 + LI-700 (2 app.)	1.75 a–g	210 efg	4.00 a	571.75 i	286.25 j	1.75 a	9.75 a–f	2.75 a	3.92 l
12	Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 app.)	0.75 abc	123.75 c–g	2.75 a	555.50 i	287.50 j	2.25 ab	8.5 a–f	4.5 a	3.83 kl
13	Exp2 + Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 app.)	1.75 a–g	181.75 d–g	4.25 a	371.75 hi	246.00 ij	3.25 abc	11.75 a–f	5.5 a	3.33 jkl
14	Exp2 + Exp3-2 + LI-700 (2 app.)	1.25 a–f	159.25 d–g	1.50 a	483.50 i	267.25 j	3.75 a–d	11 a–f	2.25 a	3.50 jkl
15	Exp3-5 + LI-700 (2 app.)	0.25 a	146.75 d–g	3.25 a	568.50 i	239.75 ij	1.50 a	6.25 a–f	3.25 a	3.58 jkl
16	Exp3-3 + LI-700 (2 app.)	1.5 a–g	199.5 efg	4.25 a	522.75 i	180.50 ij	3.75 abc	14 a–f	1.5 a	3.08 hij
17	Exp3-1 + LI-700 (2 app.)	2.25 a–g	142 d–g	4.00 a	490.75 i	231.50 ij	4.00 a–d	9.25 a–f	0.75 a	3.42 jkl
18	Gladiator 19 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)	4.5 a–g	219.75 d–g	7.50 a	266.25 ghi	112.00 ij	4.75 a–e	0.75 abc	9.5 a	1.75 b–f
19	Athena 17 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)	0.75 abc	278.75 g	7.25 a	236.25 f–i	79.75 hi	1.75 a	0.25 a	7 a	1.92 c–g
20	Exp4-2 + NIS (2 app.)	0.75 abc	220.5 d–g	7.00 a	394.25 hi	25.75 e–h	5.00 a–f	9.25 a–f	5.25 a	2.08 efg
21	Exp4-1 + NIS (2 app.)	8.5 efg	155.25 d–g	8.75 a	48.00 a–e	4.00 a	20.50 e–j	41.25 ef	12.25 a	1.58 a–e
22	Exp5-2 (3 app. 14 day)	2.5 a–g	129.5 d–g	5.00 a	482.25 i	217.75 ij	8.75 b–j	30.75 ef	2.75 a	3.08 hij
23	Exp6-2 (3 app. 14 day)	1.5 a–f	171.25 d–g	3.75 a	279.75 ghi	150.25 ij	11.25 b–j	26 ef	2 a	2.42 fgh
24	Exp5-1 (3 app. 14 day)	0.75 ab	180.5 d–g	5.50 a	450.50 hi	201.75 ij	8.75 a–i	27.5 def	4.25 a	3.33 jkl
25	Exp6-1 (3 app. 14 day)	1.5 a–f	156.5 d–g	3.25 a	463.25 i	229.75 ij	5.75 a–g	24.5 def	3 a	3.42 jkl
26	Exp5-2 (3 app. 7 day)	1.25 a–f	191.25 d–g	6.50 a	301.25 ghi	140.75 ij	9.50 b–j	32 ef	2.5 a	2.50 ghi
27	Exp6-1 (3 app. 7 day)	1 a–e	172.75 d–g	2.00 a	626.50 i	204.50 ij	5.50 a–f	33.5 ef	4.5 a	3.17 ijk
28	Rimon 9, 8, 7 oz/a (3 app.)	3 a–g	198 efg	7.75 a	226.50 ghi	75.25 ghi	19.50 e–j	60 f	11.5 a	2.08 efg
29	Grandevo 3 lb/a (3 app.)	1.25 a–f	114.5 b–g	4.00 a	474.00 hi	274.00 j	3.75 a–d	17.25 b–f	0.5 a	3.83 kl
30	Venerate 8 qt/a (3 app.)	1.25 a–d	112.75 b–g	6:00 AM a	405.25 hi	220.50 ij	6.75 a–h	32.75 ef	3.5 a	3.75 jkl
31	Untreated	1.75 a–g	128.25 b–g	4.75 a	418 hi	226.50 ij	7.00 a–i	23.5 ef	2.75 a	3.92 l
32	Belay 3 oz/a + MSO (2 app.)	10.25 g	385.25 fg	14.25 a	56.5 a–e	34.25 fgh	11.50 c–j	2 a–d	0 a	2.00 d–g
33	Entrust 10 oz/a (2 app.)	3 a–g	144.5 d–g	5.25 a	15.5 a	6.00 abc	16.00 d–j	18.5 ef	2.75 a	1.92 c–g
34	Radiant 8 oz/a (2 app.)	7 d–g	148.5 b–g	13.00 a	17.75 ab	23.75 def	22.25 g–j	41.5 ef	6 a	1.83 c–g
35	Sivanto 14 oz/a (2 app.)	5.75 c–g	180.5 d–g	5.00 a	268 ghi	209.75 ij	7.00 a–i	0.5 ab	0.25 a	2.50 ghi
36	Coragen 5 oz/a (2 app.)	5.25 a–g	279.25 efg	7.25 a	121.75 d–h	24.75 c–f	33.75 j	31.5 ef	0.75 a	1.67 a–e
	P	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.0002	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.513	< 0.0001
	HSD	0.663	0.8653	0.8114	0.5866	0.5125	0.565	1.022	1.1744	0.7438

	Treatment/Rate	CPB-AD 1	CPB-AD 2	CPB-EM	CPB-SL	CPB-LL	PLHA	PLHN	Aphid	DF
1	Untreated	1.25 a–e	172.75 d–g	5.75 a	407.25 hi	277.00 j	5.75 a–g	25 ef	4.75 a	3.83 kl
2	Exirel 10.8 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)	6 c–g	30 ab	5.25 a	38.25 a–d	5.50 ab	28.00 ij	19.5 ef	2.5 a	1.08 ab
3	Agri-Mek 2.72 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)	2.5 a–g	31 a–e	8.00 a	81.75 c–g	7.50 a–e	26.75 hij	25.5 ef	6.5 a	1.08 ab
4	Exp1-1 + NIS (2 app.)	10.25 g	77.5 a–g	9.00 a	51.25 a–e	7.00 a–d	21.25 g–j	22.5 ef	4 a	1.33 a–d
5	Exp1-2 + NIS (2 app.)	8.75 fg	31.5 a–d	10.00 a	45.25 a–d	3.25 a	28.00 hij	21.75 ef	3 a	1.08 ab
6	Exp1-3 + NIS (2 app.)	4.75 a–g	12.5 a	11.50 a	32.00 abc	1.50 a	20.50 f–j	16.25 c–f	2 a	1.00 a
7	Besiege 9 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)	5 b–g	39 a–f	8.75 a	186.75 e–i	24.75 e–h	12.00 c–j	2.5 a–e	3.5 a	1.00 a
8	Blackhawk 3.3 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)	6.75 c–g	52.25 abc	11.25 a	46.50 a–d	24.25 d–g	21.50 g–j	34.25 f	5.5 a	1.25 abc
9	Blackhawk 3.0 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)	6.75 d–g	93.5 a–g	12.50 a	49.50 a–e	14.00 b–f	29.25 ij	43 f	8.5 a	1.42 a–e
10	Blackhawk 2.75 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)	5.75 c–g	30.75 a–e	10.75 a	54.00 bcdef	20.00 c–f	23.00 g–j	23.5 ef	4 a	1.00 a
11	Exp2 + LI-700 (2 app.)	1.75 a–g	210 efg	4.00 a	571.75 i	286.25 j	1.75 a	9.75 a–f	2.75 a	3.92 l
12	Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 app.)	0.75 abc	123.75 c–g	2.75 a	555.50 i	287.50 j	2.25 ab	8.5 a–f	4.5 a	3.83 kl
13	Exp2 + Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 app.)	1.75 a–g	181.75 d–g	4.25 a	371.75 hi	246.00 ij	3.25 abc	11.75 a–f	5.5 a	3.33 jkl
14	Exp2 + Exp3-2 + LI-700 (2 app.)	1.25 a–f	159.25 d–g	1.50 a	483.50 i	267.25 j	3.75 a–d	11 a–f	2.25 a	3.50 jkl
15	Exp3-5 + LI-700 (2 app.)	0.25 a	146.75 d–g	3.25 a	568.50 i	239.75 ij	1.50 a	6.25 a–f	3.25 a	3.58 jkl
16	Exp3-3 + LI-700 (2 app.)	1.5 a–g	199.5 efg	4.25 a	522.75 i	180.50 ij	3.75 abc	14 a–f	1.5 a	3.08 hij
17	Exp3-1 + LI-700 (2 app.)	2.25 a–g	142 d–g	4.00 a	490.75 i	231.50 ij	4.00 a–d	9.25 a–f	0.75 a	3.42 jkl
18	Gladiator 19 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)	4.5 a–g	219.75 d–g	7.50 a	266.25 ghi	112.00 ij	4.75 a–e	0.75 abc	9.5 a	1.75 b–f
19	Athena 17 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)	0.75 abc	278.75 g	7.25 a	236.25 f–i	79.75 hi	1.75 a	0.25 a	7 a	1.92 c–g
20	Exp4-2 + NIS (2 app.)	0.75 abc	220.5 d–g	7.00 a	394.25 hi	25.75 e–h	5.00 a–f	9.25 a–f	5.25 a	2.08 efg
21	Exp4-1 + NIS (2 app.)	8.5 efg	155.25 d–g	8.75 a	48.00 a–e	4.00 a	20.50 e–j	41.25 ef	12.25 a	1.58 a–e
22	Exp5-2 (3 app. 14 day)	2.5 a–g	129.5 d–g	5.00 a	482.25 i	217.75 ij	8.75 b–j	30.75 ef	2.75 a	3.08 hij
23	Exp6-2 (3 app. 14 day)	1.5 a–f	171.25 d–g	3.75 a	279.75 ghi	150.25 ij	11.25 b–j	26 ef	2 a	2.42 fgh
24	Exp5-1 (3 app. 14 day)	0.75 ab	180.5 d–g	5.50 a	450.50 hi	201.75 ij	8.75 a–i	27.5 def	4.25 a	3.33 jkl
25	Exp6-1 (3 app. 14 day)	1.5 a–f	156.5 d–g	3.25 a	463.25 i	229.75 ij	5.75 a–g	24.5 def	3 a	3.42 jkl
26	Exp5-2 (3 app. 7 day)	1.25 a–f	191.25 d–g	6.50 a	301.25 ghi	140.75 ij	9.50 b–j	32 ef	2.5 a	2.50 ghi
27	Exp6-1 (3 app. 7 day)	1 a–e	172.75 d–g	2.00 a	626.50 i	204.50 ij	5.50 a–f	33.5 ef	4.5 a	3.17 ijk
28	Rimon 9, 8, 7 oz/a (3 app.)	3 a–g	198 efg	7.75 a	226.50 ghi	75.25 ghi	19.50 e–j	60 f	11.5 a	2.08 efg
29	Grandevo 3 lb/a (3 app.)	1.25 a–f	114.5 b–g	4.00 a	474.00 hi	274.00 j	3.75 a–d	17.25 b–f	0.5 a	3.83 kl
30	Venerate 8 qt/a (3 app.)	1.25 a–d	112.75 b–g	6:00 AM a	405.25 hi	220.50 ij	6.75 a–h	32.75 ef	3.5 a	3.75 jkl
31	Untreated	1.75 a–g	128.25 b–g	4.75 a	418 hi	226.50 ij	7.00 a–i	23.5 ef	2.75 a	3.92 l
32	Belay 3 oz/a + MSO (2 app.)	10.25 g	385.25 fg	14.25 a	56.5 a–e	34.25 fgh	11.50 c–j	2 a–d	0 a	2.00 d–g
33	Entrust 10 oz/a (2 app.)	3 a–g	144.5 d–g	5.25 a	15.5 a	6.00 abc	16.00 d–j	18.5 ef	2.75 a	1.92 c–g
34	Radiant 8 oz/a (2 app.)	7 d–g	148.5 b–g	13.00 a	17.75 ab	23.75 def	22.25 g–j	41.5 ef	6 a	1.83 c–g
35	Sivanto 14 oz/a (2 app.)	5.75 c–g	180.5 d–g	5.00 a	268 ghi	209.75 ij	7.00 a–i	0.5 ab	0.25 a	2.50 ghi
36	Coragen 5 oz/a (2 app.)	5.25 a–g	279.25 efg	7.25 a	121.75 d–h	24.75 c–f	33.75 j	31.5 ef	0.75 a	1.67 a–e
	P	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.0002	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.513	< 0.0001
	HSD	0.663	0.8653	0.8114	0.5866	0.5125	0.565	1.022	1.1744	0.7438

NIS 100 L added at 0.1% v/v, MSO added at 0.125% v/v. Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (Tukey’s HSD test, α = 0.05). Means transformed (square root X + 1) prior to separation. Defoliation scored as follows: 1: 0–2%; 2: 2–5%; 3: 5–10%; 4: >10%.

Table 4

	Treatment/Rate	CPB-AD 1	CPB-AD 2	CPB-EM	CPB-SL	CPB-LL	PLHA	PLHN	Aphid	DF
1	Untreated	1.25 a–e	172.75 d–g	5.75 a	407.25 hi	277.00 j	5.75 a–g	25 ef	4.75 a	3.83 kl
2	Exirel 10.8 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)	6 c–g	30 ab	5.25 a	38.25 a–d	5.50 ab	28.00 ij	19.5 ef	2.5 a	1.08 ab
3	Agri-Mek 2.72 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)	2.5 a–g	31 a–e	8.00 a	81.75 c–g	7.50 a–e	26.75 hij	25.5 ef	6.5 a	1.08 ab
4	Exp1-1 + NIS (2 app.)	10.25 g	77.5 a–g	9.00 a	51.25 a–e	7.00 a–d	21.25 g–j	22.5 ef	4 a	1.33 a–d
5	Exp1-2 + NIS (2 app.)	8.75 fg	31.5 a–d	10.00 a	45.25 a–d	3.25 a	28.00 hij	21.75 ef	3 a	1.08 ab
6	Exp1-3 + NIS (2 app.)	4.75 a–g	12.5 a	11.50 a	32.00 abc	1.50 a	20.50 f–j	16.25 c–f	2 a	1.00 a
7	Besiege 9 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)	5 b–g	39 a–f	8.75 a	186.75 e–i	24.75 e–h	12.00 c–j	2.5 a–e	3.5 a	1.00 a
8	Blackhawk 3.3 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)	6.75 c–g	52.25 abc	11.25 a	46.50 a–d	24.25 d–g	21.50 g–j	34.25 f	5.5 a	1.25 abc
9	Blackhawk 3.0 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)	6.75 d–g	93.5 a–g	12.50 a	49.50 a–e	14.00 b–f	29.25 ij	43 f	8.5 a	1.42 a–e
10	Blackhawk 2.75 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)	5.75 c–g	30.75 a–e	10.75 a	54.00 bcdef	20.00 c–f	23.00 g–j	23.5 ef	4 a	1.00 a
11	Exp2 + LI-700 (2 app.)	1.75 a–g	210 efg	4.00 a	571.75 i	286.25 j	1.75 a	9.75 a–f	2.75 a	3.92 l
12	Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 app.)	0.75 abc	123.75 c–g	2.75 a	555.50 i	287.50 j	2.25 ab	8.5 a–f	4.5 a	3.83 kl
13	Exp2 + Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 app.)	1.75 a–g	181.75 d–g	4.25 a	371.75 hi	246.00 ij	3.25 abc	11.75 a–f	5.5 a	3.33 jkl
14	Exp2 + Exp3-2 + LI-700 (2 app.)	1.25 a–f	159.25 d–g	1.50 a	483.50 i	267.25 j	3.75 a–d	11 a–f	2.25 a	3.50 jkl
15	Exp3-5 + LI-700 (2 app.)	0.25 a	146.75 d–g	3.25 a	568.50 i	239.75 ij	1.50 a	6.25 a–f	3.25 a	3.58 jkl
16	Exp3-3 + LI-700 (2 app.)	1.5 a–g	199.5 efg	4.25 a	522.75 i	180.50 ij	3.75 abc	14 a–f	1.5 a	3.08 hij
17	Exp3-1 + LI-700 (2 app.)	2.25 a–g	142 d–g	4.00 a	490.75 i	231.50 ij	4.00 a–d	9.25 a–f	0.75 a	3.42 jkl
18	Gladiator 19 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)	4.5 a–g	219.75 d–g	7.50 a	266.25 ghi	112.00 ij	4.75 a–e	0.75 abc	9.5 a	1.75 b–f
19	Athena 17 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)	0.75 abc	278.75 g	7.25 a	236.25 f–i	79.75 hi	1.75 a	0.25 a	7 a	1.92 c–g
20	Exp4-2 + NIS (2 app.)	0.75 abc	220.5 d–g	7.00 a	394.25 hi	25.75 e–h	5.00 a–f	9.25 a–f	5.25 a	2.08 efg
21	Exp4-1 + NIS (2 app.)	8.5 efg	155.25 d–g	8.75 a	48.00 a–e	4.00 a	20.50 e–j	41.25 ef	12.25 a	1.58 a–e
22	Exp5-2 (3 app. 14 day)	2.5 a–g	129.5 d–g	5.00 a	482.25 i	217.75 ij	8.75 b–j	30.75 ef	2.75 a	3.08 hij
23	Exp6-2 (3 app. 14 day)	1.5 a–f	171.25 d–g	3.75 a	279.75 ghi	150.25 ij	11.25 b–j	26 ef	2 a	2.42 fgh
24	Exp5-1 (3 app. 14 day)	0.75 ab	180.5 d–g	5.50 a	450.50 hi	201.75 ij	8.75 a–i	27.5 def	4.25 a	3.33 jkl
25	Exp6-1 (3 app. 14 day)	1.5 a–f	156.5 d–g	3.25 a	463.25 i	229.75 ij	5.75 a–g	24.5 def	3 a	3.42 jkl
26	Exp5-2 (3 app. 7 day)	1.25 a–f	191.25 d–g	6.50 a	301.25 ghi	140.75 ij	9.50 b–j	32 ef	2.5 a	2.50 ghi
27	Exp6-1 (3 app. 7 day)	1 a–e	172.75 d–g	2.00 a	626.50 i	204.50 ij	5.50 a–f	33.5 ef	4.5 a	3.17 ijk
28	Rimon 9, 8, 7 oz/a (3 app.)	3 a–g	198 efg	7.75 a	226.50 ghi	75.25 ghi	19.50 e–j	60 f	11.5 a	2.08 efg
29	Grandevo 3 lb/a (3 app.)	1.25 a–f	114.5 b–g	4.00 a	474.00 hi	274.00 j	3.75 a–d	17.25 b–f	0.5 a	3.83 kl
30	Venerate 8 qt/a (3 app.)	1.25 a–d	112.75 b–g	6:00 AM a	405.25 hi	220.50 ij	6.75 a–h	32.75 ef	3.5 a	3.75 jkl
31	Untreated	1.75 a–g	128.25 b–g	4.75 a	418 hi	226.50 ij	7.00 a–i	23.5 ef	2.75 a	3.92 l
32	Belay 3 oz/a + MSO (2 app.)	10.25 g	385.25 fg	14.25 a	56.5 a–e	34.25 fgh	11.50 c–j	2 a–d	0 a	2.00 d–g
33	Entrust 10 oz/a (2 app.)	3 a–g	144.5 d–g	5.25 a	15.5 a	6.00 abc	16.00 d–j	18.5 ef	2.75 a	1.92 c–g
34	Radiant 8 oz/a (2 app.)	7 d–g	148.5 b–g	13.00 a	17.75 ab	23.75 def	22.25 g–j	41.5 ef	6 a	1.83 c–g
35	Sivanto 14 oz/a (2 app.)	5.75 c–g	180.5 d–g	5.00 a	268 ghi	209.75 ij	7.00 a–i	0.5 ab	0.25 a	2.50 ghi
36	Coragen 5 oz/a (2 app.)	5.25 a–g	279.25 efg	7.25 a	121.75 d–h	24.75 c–f	33.75 j	31.5 ef	0.75 a	1.67 a–e
	P	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.0002	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.513	< 0.0001
	HSD	0.663	0.8653	0.8114	0.5866	0.5125	0.565	1.022	1.1744	0.7438

	Treatment/Rate	CPB-AD 1	CPB-AD 2	CPB-EM	CPB-SL	CPB-LL	PLHA	PLHN	Aphid	DF
1	Untreated	1.25 a–e	172.75 d–g	5.75 a	407.25 hi	277.00 j	5.75 a–g	25 ef	4.75 a	3.83 kl
2	Exirel 10.8 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)	6 c–g	30 ab	5.25 a	38.25 a–d	5.50 ab	28.00 ij	19.5 ef	2.5 a	1.08 ab
3	Agri-Mek 2.72 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)	2.5 a–g	31 a–e	8.00 a	81.75 c–g	7.50 a–e	26.75 hij	25.5 ef	6.5 a	1.08 ab
4	Exp1-1 + NIS (2 app.)	10.25 g	77.5 a–g	9.00 a	51.25 a–e	7.00 a–d	21.25 g–j	22.5 ef	4 a	1.33 a–d
5	Exp1-2 + NIS (2 app.)	8.75 fg	31.5 a–d	10.00 a	45.25 a–d	3.25 a	28.00 hij	21.75 ef	3 a	1.08 ab
6	Exp1-3 + NIS (2 app.)	4.75 a–g	12.5 a	11.50 a	32.00 abc	1.50 a	20.50 f–j	16.25 c–f	2 a	1.00 a
7	Besiege 9 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)	5 b–g	39 a–f	8.75 a	186.75 e–i	24.75 e–h	12.00 c–j	2.5 a–e	3.5 a	1.00 a
8	Blackhawk 3.3 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)	6.75 c–g	52.25 abc	11.25 a	46.50 a–d	24.25 d–g	21.50 g–j	34.25 f	5.5 a	1.25 abc
9	Blackhawk 3.0 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)	6.75 d–g	93.5 a–g	12.50 a	49.50 a–e	14.00 b–f	29.25 ij	43 f	8.5 a	1.42 a–e
10	Blackhawk 2.75 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)	5.75 c–g	30.75 a–e	10.75 a	54.00 bcdef	20.00 c–f	23.00 g–j	23.5 ef	4 a	1.00 a
11	Exp2 + LI-700 (2 app.)	1.75 a–g	210 efg	4.00 a	571.75 i	286.25 j	1.75 a	9.75 a–f	2.75 a	3.92 l
12	Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 app.)	0.75 abc	123.75 c–g	2.75 a	555.50 i	287.50 j	2.25 ab	8.5 a–f	4.5 a	3.83 kl
13	Exp2 + Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 app.)	1.75 a–g	181.75 d–g	4.25 a	371.75 hi	246.00 ij	3.25 abc	11.75 a–f	5.5 a	3.33 jkl
14	Exp2 + Exp3-2 + LI-700 (2 app.)	1.25 a–f	159.25 d–g	1.50 a	483.50 i	267.25 j	3.75 a–d	11 a–f	2.25 a	3.50 jkl
15	Exp3-5 + LI-700 (2 app.)	0.25 a	146.75 d–g	3.25 a	568.50 i	239.75 ij	1.50 a	6.25 a–f	3.25 a	3.58 jkl
16	Exp3-3 + LI-700 (2 app.)	1.5 a–g	199.5 efg	4.25 a	522.75 i	180.50 ij	3.75 abc	14 a–f	1.5 a	3.08 hij
17	Exp3-1 + LI-700 (2 app.)	2.25 a–g	142 d–g	4.00 a	490.75 i	231.50 ij	4.00 a–d	9.25 a–f	0.75 a	3.42 jkl
18	Gladiator 19 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)	4.5 a–g	219.75 d–g	7.50 a	266.25 ghi	112.00 ij	4.75 a–e	0.75 abc	9.5 a	1.75 b–f
19	Athena 17 oz/a + NIS (2 app.)	0.75 abc	278.75 g	7.25 a	236.25 f–i	79.75 hi	1.75 a	0.25 a	7 a	1.92 c–g
20	Exp4-2 + NIS (2 app.)	0.75 abc	220.5 d–g	7.00 a	394.25 hi	25.75 e–h	5.00 a–f	9.25 a–f	5.25 a	2.08 efg
21	Exp4-1 + NIS (2 app.)	8.5 efg	155.25 d–g	8.75 a	48.00 a–e	4.00 a	20.50 e–j	41.25 ef	12.25 a	1.58 a–e
22	Exp5-2 (3 app. 14 day)	2.5 a–g	129.5 d–g	5.00 a	482.25 i	217.75 ij	8.75 b–j	30.75 ef	2.75 a	3.08 hij
23	Exp6-2 (3 app. 14 day)	1.5 a–f	171.25 d–g	3.75 a	279.75 ghi	150.25 ij	11.25 b–j	26 ef	2 a	2.42 fgh
24	Exp5-1 (3 app. 14 day)	0.75 ab	180.5 d–g	5.50 a	450.50 hi	201.75 ij	8.75 a–i	27.5 def	4.25 a	3.33 jkl
25	Exp6-1 (3 app. 14 day)	1.5 a–f	156.5 d–g	3.25 a	463.25 i	229.75 ij	5.75 a–g	24.5 def	3 a	3.42 jkl
26	Exp5-2 (3 app. 7 day)	1.25 a–f	191.25 d–g	6.50 a	301.25 ghi	140.75 ij	9.50 b–j	32 ef	2.5 a	2.50 ghi
27	Exp6-1 (3 app. 7 day)	1 a–e	172.75 d–g	2.00 a	626.50 i	204.50 ij	5.50 a–f	33.5 ef	4.5 a	3.17 ijk
28	Rimon 9, 8, 7 oz/a (3 app.)	3 a–g	198 efg	7.75 a	226.50 ghi	75.25 ghi	19.50 e–j	60 f	11.5 a	2.08 efg
29	Grandevo 3 lb/a (3 app.)	1.25 a–f	114.5 b–g	4.00 a	474.00 hi	274.00 j	3.75 a–d	17.25 b–f	0.5 a	3.83 kl
30	Venerate 8 qt/a (3 app.)	1.25 a–d	112.75 b–g	6:00 AM a	405.25 hi	220.50 ij	6.75 a–h	32.75 ef	3.5 a	3.75 jkl
31	Untreated	1.75 a–g	128.25 b–g	4.75 a	418 hi	226.50 ij	7.00 a–i	23.5 ef	2.75 a	3.92 l
32	Belay 3 oz/a + MSO (2 app.)	10.25 g	385.25 fg	14.25 a	56.5 a–e	34.25 fgh	11.50 c–j	2 a–d	0 a	2.00 d–g
33	Entrust 10 oz/a (2 app.)	3 a–g	144.5 d–g	5.25 a	15.5 a	6.00 abc	16.00 d–j	18.5 ef	2.75 a	1.92 c–g
34	Radiant 8 oz/a (2 app.)	7 d–g	148.5 b–g	13.00 a	17.75 ab	23.75 def	22.25 g–j	41.5 ef	6 a	1.83 c–g
35	Sivanto 14 oz/a (2 app.)	5.75 c–g	180.5 d–g	5.00 a	268 ghi	209.75 ij	7.00 a–i	0.5 ab	0.25 a	2.50 ghi
36	Coragen 5 oz/a (2 app.)	5.25 a–g	279.25 efg	7.25 a	121.75 d–h	24.75 c–f	33.75 j	31.5 ef	0.75 a	1.67 a–e
	P	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.0002	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.513	< 0.0001
	HSD	0.663	0.8653	0.8114	0.5866	0.5125	0.565	1.022	1.1744	0.7438

Author notes

This research was partially supported by industry gifts including products and research funding.

Section Editor: Jonathan Babcock

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected]

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March 2022	2
April 2022	5
May 2022	3
June 2022	5
July 2022	9
August 2022	5
September 2022	11
October 2022	9
November 2022	3
December 2022	6
February 2023	3
March 2023	3
April 2023	9
May 2023	5
June 2023	2
July 2023	2
August 2023	11
September 2023	7
October 2023	3
November 2023	4
December 2023	11
January 2024	6
February 2024	4
March 2024	3
April 2024	4
May 2024	6
June 2024	3
July 2024	15
August 2024	12
September 2024	6
October 2024	4
November 2024	11
December 2024	2
January 2025	4
February 2025	2
March 2025	6
April 2025	11

Article Contents

Registered and Experimental Foliar Insecticides for Control of Colorado Potato Beetle and Potato Leafhopper in Potato, 2016*

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Article Contents

Registered and Experimental Foliar Insecticides for Control of Colorado Potato Beetle and Potato Leafhopper in Potato, 2016*

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