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Abstract

Background

We examined the association between 12 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the α-adducin (ADD1) and guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein) β-polypeptide 3 (GNB3) genes and systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), and mean arterial (MAP) pressure responses to salt intake.

Methods

A 7-day low-sodium (51.3 mmol sodium/day) followed by a 7-day high-sodium intervention (307.8 mmol sodium/day) was conducted among 1,906 Han participants from rural North China. Blood pressure (BP) measurements were obtained at baseline and at the end of each intervention period using a random-zero sphygmomanometer.

Results

We identified a significant association between a rare ADD1 variant rs17833172 and SBP, DBP, and MAP responses to high sodium (P values <0.0001) and DBP response to low sodium (P value = 0.002). Participants homozygous for the variant A allele of this marker had SBP, DBP, and MAP responses (95% confidence interval) to high salt of 1.6 (−1.8, 4.9), −0.8 (−5.6, 4.0), and −0.1 (−4.0, 3.9) mm Hg, respectively, vs. corresponding responses of 4.6 (2.5, 6.6), 1.7 (−0.2, 3.6), and 2.7 (0.9, 4.4) mm Hg, respectively, for those who were heterozygous or homozygous for the G allele. In addition, participants with at least one copy of the A allele of SNP rs1129649 of the GNB3 gene had significantly decreased MAP response to low salt compared to homozygotes for the C allele (P value = 0.004) with responses of −3.4 (−3.8, −3.0) vs. −4.2 (−4.6, −3.8) mm Hg, respectively.

Conclusions

These data support a role for the ADD1 and GNB3 genes in BP salt sensitivity. Future studies aimed at replicating these novel findings are warranted.

© American Journal of Hypertension, Ltd. 2009
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