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Abstract

Abnormalities of renal function have significant effects on cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive patients. The objective of this study was to analyze the association of various cardiovascular risk factors with renal insufficiency in hypertensive patients seen in our hypertension clinic. We analyzed demographic, clinical and biochemical data from 325 essential hypertension patients referred to our tertiary referral clinic from Jan 2000 to Oct 2002. Abnormalities of renal function included mild chronic renal insufficiency and the presence of micro/macroalbuminuria. The presence of mild renal insufficiency was ascertained either by a serum creatinine ≥1.5mg/dl in men or ≥1.4 mg/dl in women, or a creatinine clearance estimated by the Cockroft-Gault formula or by a 24 hour urine collection. Microalbuminuria was detected by commercially available Micral test or 24 hour urine collection in some cases. Macroalbuminuria was detected by dipstick or 24 hour urine collection showing > 300 mg/dl.

The mean age of the patients was 54.22 years (SD 13.35). There were 56.6% males and 43.4% females and 18% diabetics. The mean weight was 72.26 Kg (SD 12.33). The mean SBP was 148 mm Hg (SD 19) and the mean DBP was 86 mm Hg (SD 11). The mean serum creatinine was 1.12 mg/dl (SD 0.32).

Patients with mild renal insufficiency were characterized by older age, elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressures, higher serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides and lower levels of HDL cholesterol and higher levels of urinary albumin excretion. The results are consistent with a growing body of evidence indicating that renal insufficiency is a marker for cardiovascular risk, much of which is remediable (see Table 1).

Table 1
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Association of Risk Factors With Renal Insufficiency in Hypertensive Population

NormalRenal InsufficiencyP Value
Total number of patients45057
Age (Years)54 ± 1366 ± 11<0.001
Weight (Kg)72 ± 1274 ± 13NS
SBP (mm Hg)148 ± 19158.23 ± 12<0.001
DBP (mm Hg)86 ± 1194 ± 13<0.05
Total Cholesterol (mg/dl)205 ± 40222 ± 36<0.001
HDL (mg/dl)55 ± 1142 ± 12<0.001
LDL (mg/dl)140 ± 30158 ± 38<0.001
Triglycerides (mg/dl)150 ± 48174 ± 67<0.001
Proteinuria (mg/dl)0.03 ± 0.380.52 ± 1.80<0.001
Glucose (mg/dl)101 ± 30121 ± 41<0.001
NormalRenal InsufficiencyP Value
Total number of patients45057
Age (Years)54 ± 1366 ± 11<0.001
Weight (Kg)72 ± 1274 ± 13NS
SBP (mm Hg)148 ± 19158.23 ± 12<0.001
DBP (mm Hg)86 ± 1194 ± 13<0.05
Total Cholesterol (mg/dl)205 ± 40222 ± 36<0.001
HDL (mg/dl)55 ± 1142 ± 12<0.001
LDL (mg/dl)140 ± 30158 ± 38<0.001
Triglycerides (mg/dl)150 ± 48174 ± 67<0.001
Proteinuria (mg/dl)0.03 ± 0.380.52 ± 1.80<0.001
Glucose (mg/dl)101 ± 30121 ± 41<0.001
Table 1
Open in new tab

Association of Risk Factors With Renal Insufficiency in Hypertensive Population

NormalRenal InsufficiencyP Value
Total number of patients45057
Age (Years)54 ± 1366 ± 11<0.001
Weight (Kg)72 ± 1274 ± 13NS
SBP (mm Hg)148 ± 19158.23 ± 12<0.001
DBP (mm Hg)86 ± 1194 ± 13<0.05
Total Cholesterol (mg/dl)205 ± 40222 ± 36<0.001
HDL (mg/dl)55 ± 1142 ± 12<0.001
LDL (mg/dl)140 ± 30158 ± 38<0.001
Triglycerides (mg/dl)150 ± 48174 ± 67<0.001
Proteinuria (mg/dl)0.03 ± 0.380.52 ± 1.80<0.001
Glucose (mg/dl)101 ± 30121 ± 41<0.001
NormalRenal InsufficiencyP Value
Total number of patients45057
Age (Years)54 ± 1366 ± 11<0.001
Weight (Kg)72 ± 1274 ± 13NS
SBP (mm Hg)148 ± 19158.23 ± 12<0.001
DBP (mm Hg)86 ± 1194 ± 13<0.05
Total Cholesterol (mg/dl)205 ± 40222 ± 36<0.001
HDL (mg/dl)55 ± 1142 ± 12<0.001
LDL (mg/dl)140 ± 30158 ± 38<0.001
Triglycerides (mg/dl)150 ± 48174 ± 67<0.001
Proteinuria (mg/dl)0.03 ± 0.380.52 ± 1.80<0.001
Glucose (mg/dl)101 ± 30121 ± 41<0.001

Risk factor, Hypertension
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© American Journal of Hypertension, Ltd. 2003
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