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Abstract

This study was designed to assess the impact of high glucose intake on arterial pressure in correlation with the degree of oxidative stress. The insulin resistance was induced by the addition of 10 % glucose to drinking water of 240 gr Sprague Dawley rats during three weeks. The oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring the superoxide anion production using the lucigenin enhanced chemiluminescence method in the aorta. The antioxidant reserve was assessed by measuring the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) spectrophotometrically in red blood cells and plasma. The chronic administration of glucose resulted in 73% increase in glycemia (7.6 ± 0.9 mM vs 4.4 ± 0.1 mM, P<0.01) and 100 % increase in insulinemia (1039 ± 177 pM vs 519 ± 94 pM, P<0.05) . The chronic glucose feeding also resulted in an increase of 52 % (4497 ± 453 cpm/min/mg vs 2953 ± 113 cpm/min/mg, P<0.01) in basal superoxide anion production in aorta. This regimen had no effect on the activity of GPx in the red blood cells but resulted in a decrease of 16 % (158 ± 8 mU/ml vs 189 ± 7 mU/ml, P<0.05) in the activity of GPx in plasma. The high glucose intake was also associated with a progressive increase in systolic arterial pressure which reached 166 mmHg after three weeks of this regimen (P<0.001). Positive correlations were observed between the superoxide anion production and the arterial pressure (r=0.599; P<0.02) or glucose levels (r=0.662; P<0.01). These results suggest that the rise in blood pressure associated to hyperinsulinemia may be explained in part by an increase in oxidative stress characterized by an enhancement in the production of superoxide anion in the aorta and a reduction in the activity of GPx in the plasma. This phenomenon could explain the association which seems to exist between insulin resistance and hypertension.

Diabetes, Hypertension, oxidative stress
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© American Journal of Hypertension, Ltd. 2001
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