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M. V. Papavassiliou, G. P. Vyssoulis, E. A. Karpanou, D. A. Belegrinos, A. E. Giannakopoulou, P. K. Toutouzas, P-256: Side effects of antihypertensive treatment with calcium channel antagonists, American Journal of Hypertension, Volume 14, Issue S1, April 2001, Page 114A, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-7061(01)02110-0
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Abstract
In order to evaluate side effects (SE) of antihypertensive treatment with calcium channel antagonists (CCA) we studied 2000 patients (62.4± 8.1 years old; 1067 men and 933 women) with essential hypertension who received monotherapy with one of the following CCA. Main data are reported in the table: [table] SE of CCA were more often in women (p<0.00001) and led them to discontinue their treatment (p=0.00004). Women had also more often headache (7.0 vs 4.7% p=0.03), flushing (5.6 vs 2.4% p=0.003), and exanthema (2.3 vs 1.7% p=NS). Attenuation of libido was reported in 9 men (0.45%) and priapism in 3 (0.15%). Constipation was reported in 34 (18.4%) patients who were treated with Verapamil and gingiva hypertrophy in 11 (0.55%) patients treated with dihydrophyridines. It is concluded that antihypertensive treatment with CCA often leads to SE because of its vasodilatation, mainly in women.
CCA . | SE . | discontinuation . | edema . | headache . | flush . | exanthema . | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | n . | % . | n . | % . | n . | % . | n . | % . | n . | % . | n . | % . |
Verapamil | 185 | 35,1 | 37 | 20 | 9 | 4,9 | 10 | 5,4 | 1 | 0,5 | 2 | 1,1 |
Diltiazem | 163 | 22,7 | 23 | 14 | 10 | 6,1 | 9 | 5,5 | 5 | 3,1 | 3 | 1,8 |
Nifedipine | 295 | 28,5 | 52 | 17,6 | 42 | 14,2 | 10 | 3,4 | 18 | 6,1 | 3 | 1,0 |
Nitredipine | 128 | 50,0 | 42 | 32,8 | 37 | 28,9 | 20 | 15,6 | 15 | 11,7 | 3 | 2,3 |
Isradipine | 159 | 24,6 | 24 | 15,1 | 13 | 8,2 | 11 | 6,9 | 14 | 8,8 | 8 | 5,0 |
Felodipine | 426 | 30,0 | 59 | 13,8 | 69 | 16,2 | 29 | 6,8 | 13 | 3,1 | 14 | 3,3 |
Amlodipine | 355 | 30,1 | 33 | 9,3 | 78 | 22,0 | 15 | 4,2 | 7 | 2 | 3 | 0,8 |
Lacidipine | 244 | 18,0 | 21 | 8,6 | 14 | 5,7 | 11 | 4,5 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 1,2 |
Men | 1067 | 22,7 | 123 | 11,5 | 126 | 11,8 | 50 | 4,7 | 26 | 2,4 | 18 | 1,7 |
Women | 933 | 35,3 | 168 | 18,5 | 146 | 15,6 | 65 | 7,0 | 52 | 5,6 | 21 | 2,3 |
Total | 2000 | 28,6 | 291 | 14,6 | 272 | 13,6 | 115 | 5,8 | 78 | 3,9 | 39 | 2,0 |
CCA . | SE . | discontinuation . | edema . | headache . | flush . | exanthema . | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | n . | % . | n . | % . | n . | % . | n . | % . | n . | % . | n . | % . |
Verapamil | 185 | 35,1 | 37 | 20 | 9 | 4,9 | 10 | 5,4 | 1 | 0,5 | 2 | 1,1 |
Diltiazem | 163 | 22,7 | 23 | 14 | 10 | 6,1 | 9 | 5,5 | 5 | 3,1 | 3 | 1,8 |
Nifedipine | 295 | 28,5 | 52 | 17,6 | 42 | 14,2 | 10 | 3,4 | 18 | 6,1 | 3 | 1,0 |
Nitredipine | 128 | 50,0 | 42 | 32,8 | 37 | 28,9 | 20 | 15,6 | 15 | 11,7 | 3 | 2,3 |
Isradipine | 159 | 24,6 | 24 | 15,1 | 13 | 8,2 | 11 | 6,9 | 14 | 8,8 | 8 | 5,0 |
Felodipine | 426 | 30,0 | 59 | 13,8 | 69 | 16,2 | 29 | 6,8 | 13 | 3,1 | 14 | 3,3 |
Amlodipine | 355 | 30,1 | 33 | 9,3 | 78 | 22,0 | 15 | 4,2 | 7 | 2 | 3 | 0,8 |
Lacidipine | 244 | 18,0 | 21 | 8,6 | 14 | 5,7 | 11 | 4,5 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 1,2 |
Men | 1067 | 22,7 | 123 | 11,5 | 126 | 11,8 | 50 | 4,7 | 26 | 2,4 | 18 | 1,7 |
Women | 933 | 35,3 | 168 | 18,5 | 146 | 15,6 | 65 | 7,0 | 52 | 5,6 | 21 | 2,3 |
Total | 2000 | 28,6 | 291 | 14,6 | 272 | 13,6 | 115 | 5,8 | 78 | 3,9 | 39 | 2,0 |
CCA . | SE . | discontinuation . | edema . | headache . | flush . | exanthema . | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | n . | % . | n . | % . | n . | % . | n . | % . | n . | % . | n . | % . |
Verapamil | 185 | 35,1 | 37 | 20 | 9 | 4,9 | 10 | 5,4 | 1 | 0,5 | 2 | 1,1 |
Diltiazem | 163 | 22,7 | 23 | 14 | 10 | 6,1 | 9 | 5,5 | 5 | 3,1 | 3 | 1,8 |
Nifedipine | 295 | 28,5 | 52 | 17,6 | 42 | 14,2 | 10 | 3,4 | 18 | 6,1 | 3 | 1,0 |
Nitredipine | 128 | 50,0 | 42 | 32,8 | 37 | 28,9 | 20 | 15,6 | 15 | 11,7 | 3 | 2,3 |
Isradipine | 159 | 24,6 | 24 | 15,1 | 13 | 8,2 | 11 | 6,9 | 14 | 8,8 | 8 | 5,0 |
Felodipine | 426 | 30,0 | 59 | 13,8 | 69 | 16,2 | 29 | 6,8 | 13 | 3,1 | 14 | 3,3 |
Amlodipine | 355 | 30,1 | 33 | 9,3 | 78 | 22,0 | 15 | 4,2 | 7 | 2 | 3 | 0,8 |
Lacidipine | 244 | 18,0 | 21 | 8,6 | 14 | 5,7 | 11 | 4,5 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 1,2 |
Men | 1067 | 22,7 | 123 | 11,5 | 126 | 11,8 | 50 | 4,7 | 26 | 2,4 | 18 | 1,7 |
Women | 933 | 35,3 | 168 | 18,5 | 146 | 15,6 | 65 | 7,0 | 52 | 5,6 | 21 | 2,3 |
Total | 2000 | 28,6 | 291 | 14,6 | 272 | 13,6 | 115 | 5,8 | 78 | 3,9 | 39 | 2,0 |
CCA . | SE . | discontinuation . | edema . | headache . | flush . | exanthema . | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | n . | % . | n . | % . | n . | % . | n . | % . | n . | % . | n . | % . |
Verapamil | 185 | 35,1 | 37 | 20 | 9 | 4,9 | 10 | 5,4 | 1 | 0,5 | 2 | 1,1 |
Diltiazem | 163 | 22,7 | 23 | 14 | 10 | 6,1 | 9 | 5,5 | 5 | 3,1 | 3 | 1,8 |
Nifedipine | 295 | 28,5 | 52 | 17,6 | 42 | 14,2 | 10 | 3,4 | 18 | 6,1 | 3 | 1,0 |
Nitredipine | 128 | 50,0 | 42 | 32,8 | 37 | 28,9 | 20 | 15,6 | 15 | 11,7 | 3 | 2,3 |
Isradipine | 159 | 24,6 | 24 | 15,1 | 13 | 8,2 | 11 | 6,9 | 14 | 8,8 | 8 | 5,0 |
Felodipine | 426 | 30,0 | 59 | 13,8 | 69 | 16,2 | 29 | 6,8 | 13 | 3,1 | 14 | 3,3 |
Amlodipine | 355 | 30,1 | 33 | 9,3 | 78 | 22,0 | 15 | 4,2 | 7 | 2 | 3 | 0,8 |
Lacidipine | 244 | 18,0 | 21 | 8,6 | 14 | 5,7 | 11 | 4,5 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 1,2 |
Men | 1067 | 22,7 | 123 | 11,5 | 126 | 11,8 | 50 | 4,7 | 26 | 2,4 | 18 | 1,7 |
Women | 933 | 35,3 | 168 | 18,5 | 146 | 15,6 | 65 | 7,0 | 52 | 5,6 | 21 | 2,3 |
Total | 2000 | 28,6 | 291 | 14,6 | 272 | 13,6 | 115 | 5,8 | 78 | 3,9 | 39 | 2,0 |