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Jamie Hansel, Rachel E Thayer, A-25 Factors Predicting Trajectory in Daily Functioning Five Years Post Cognitive Training, Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, Volume 36, Issue 6, September 2021, Page 1066, https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab062.43
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Abstract
There is a bidirectional relationship between cognitive functioning and daily functioning. The current study aims to determine factors that are nonmodifiable and modifiable that predict trajectory of daily functioning.
The ACTIVE database is a longitudinal study with participants aged 65 and older at baseline (M = 73.63, SD = 5.91) who were determined to be at risk for cognitive decline while still living independently. Participants’ self-reported and performance-based daily functioning scores at baseline were subtracted from their scores five-years later to determine daily functioning trajectories. Nonmodifiable factors (i.e., age, gender, race/ethnicity) and modifiable factors (i.e., education, BMI, cardiovascular risk factors, cognitive intervention, and booster sessions) were entered into hierarchical regression models to examine associations with daily functioning trajectories.
Age was a significant predictor in four of five separate trajectory models (self-report measures f2 = 0.05, f2 = 0.11; performance-based measures f2 = 0.01, f2 = 0.01), and education contributed significant variance in self-reported independence (f2 = 0.03). Binary gender and race/ethnicity were statistically significant in the models but achieved negligible effect sizes. Physical health factors and cognitive training interventions were nonsignificant in predicting variance in daily functioning trajectories.
Age, a nonmodifiable factor, was the only consistently significant predictor of daily functioning within the current study. Future research could examine mood, sleep, and social connectedness as predictors of daily functioning trajectory, especially among patients who experience some cognitive or daily functioning difficulties, to better locate possible targets for intervention and treatment.
