Instructions to authors

About the Journal

Contents

• Publication Ethics
• Peer Review Process
• Ethical Reporting
• Availability of Data and Materials
• Article Types
• Submission
• Manuscript Preparation
• Embargoes and Press Releases
• Publication Agreements and Open Access
• Publication process
• Post-publication changes
• Contact the Journal

Publication Ethics

Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statement

EHJ and Oxford University Press are members of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), and follows the guidance provided by COPE. The Journal also subscribes to the ICMJE Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly work in Medical Journals. It is expected that all parties involved in the publication of content in EHJ (the publisher, editors, authors, and reviewers) follow these guidelines on best practice and publication ethics. The Journal is committed to investigating cases of alleged editor, author, and reviewer misconduct arising from its activities, and will follow COPE Guidelines in all cases.

The Editors are further supported by the ESC Journal Publication Ethics Committee.

Authorship

All individuals listed as authors should qualify for authorship and should have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for appropriate portions of the content. Each author included in the manuscript must meet ALL of the following conditions, as specified in the guidelines of the ICMJE. To qualify as an author, the individual must have

1. made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; AND;
2. drafted the work or reviewed it critically for important intellectual content; AND;
3. given final approval of the version to be published AND;
4. agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

All individuals who meet the authorship criteria listed above should be listed as authors. Individuals who do not meet the above authorship criteria should not be listed as authors. The Journal considers all forms of ghost authorship, in which an individual contributes in the role of an author (according to the criteria above) but is not listed as an author on the manuscript, and all forms of guest or gift authorship, in which individuals are included though they do not meet the above criteria, as unethical and unacceptable.

The corresponding author is responsible for providing the full list of co-authors on the manuscript. Once the manuscript has been submitted, the co-authors will receive an email asking them to verify their contribution to the manuscript. The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that this step is completed.

For more information about authorship, see the ICMJE guidelines.

Author changes

After manuscript submission, no authorship changes (including the authorship list, author order, and who is designated as the corresponding author) should be made unless there is a substantive reason to do so. The editor and all co-authors must agree on the change(s), and neither the Journal nor the publisher mediates authorship disputes. If individuals cannot agree on the authorship of a submitted manuscript, contact the editorial office at [email protected]. The dispute must be resolved among the individuals and their institution(s) before the manuscript can be accepted for publication. If an authorship dispute or change arises after a paper is accepted, contact OUP’s Author Support team at [email protected]. COPE provides guidance for authors on resolving authorship disputes.

Artificial Intelligence

Natural language processing tools driven by artificial intelligence (AI) do not qualify as authors, and the Journal will screen for them in author lists. The use of AI (for example, to help generate content or images, write code, process data, or for translation) should be disclosed in a cover letter at the point of submission and explained in full in a Methods or Acknowledgements section in the manuscript. Please see the COPE position statement on Authorship and AI for more details.

CRediT

The Journal uses the contributor roles taxonomy (CRediT), which allows authors to describe the contributor roles in a standardized, transparent, and accurate way. Authors should choose from the contributor roles outlined on the CRediT website and supply this information upon submission. You may choose multiple contributor roles per author. Any other individuals who do not meet authorship criteria and made less substantive contributions should be listed in your manuscript as non-author contributors with their contributions clearly described.

Contributors

Any other individual contributor or group of contributors to the work who do not qualify for authorship but who meet some of the four ICMJE criteria listed above should be listed in the article in a section under the heading “Acknowledgements”. As per the ICMJE guidelines, the contribution of each individual or group must be specified. For more information, refer to section 3 of the ICMJE guidelines.

Group Authorship

The Journal will consider group author names providing the following conditions are met:

• The group author name should be the name of a legitimate group. It cannot be a generic name such as “Reviewers” or “Task force”.
• Individuals in the group must collectively meet the ICMJE requirements for authorship as specified above.
• Individuals in the group must each provide a Conflict of Interest form. Please see the Disclosure of Interest section below.

Formatting your manuscript if there is a group author

Disclosure of Interest

All authors must declare any conflicts of interest. It is the responsibility of the submitting author to ascertain any conflicts of interest from co-authors and declare these at the point of submission. Any potential conflict of interest that might constitute an embarrassment to any of the authors if it were not to be declared and were to emerge after publication should be declared.

A detailed definition of conflicts of interests

Instructions for the corresponding author:

• Submit an ICMJE disclosure of potential conflicts of interest (COI) form for each author by revision stage at the latest.
• When the form is uploaded to Editorial Manager, include the author’s last name in the document title of the form.
• A form must be submitted even if there are no conflicts of interest to declare, in which case the disclosure of interest form should state “none declared”
• Submit a concise and accurate summary of any conflicts of interest declared in the ICMJE forms in the separate Declarations Form, and upload the Declarations form under the “Declarations Form” header. If there are no conflicts of interest, state “Conflict of interest: none declared”.
• Authors that hold a position on the Editorial Board of EHJ in any capacity are required to declare their role in their conflict of interest statement. More information about papers submitted by Editors of EHJ.

Plagiarism and Redundant Publication

COPE defines plagiarism as ‘when somebody presents the work of others (data, words or theories) as if they were his/her own and without proper acknowledgement’.

COPE defines redundant publication as ‘when a published work (or substantial sections from a published work) is/are published more than once (in the same or another language) without adequate acknowledgment of the source/cross-referencing/justification or when the same (or substantially overlapping) data is presented in more than one publication without adequate cross-referencing/justification, particularly when this is done in such a way that reviewers/readers are unlikely to realise that most or all the findings have been published before”.

Manuscripts submitted to EHJ may be screened with iThenticate anti-plagiarism software to detect and prevent plagiarism and redundant publication. Any manuscript may be screened, especially if there is reason to suppose that part or all of the manuscript has been previously published. Prior to final acceptance any manuscript that has not already been screened may be screened with iThenticate. More information about iThenticate

Re-using Copyrighted Material

Authors must obtain permission for any material being reproduced – including quotations, images, tables, or videos – for which they are not the copyright holder. Permissions should be sought from the original copyright holder.

If the manuscript contains material for which the authors do not have open access re-use permissions, the following credit line should be included with the material:

• Title of content
• Author, Original publication, year of original publication, by permission of [rights holder]
• This image/content is not covered by the terms of the Creative Commons licence of this publication. For permission to reuse, please contact the rights holder.

Further information on obtaining permissions

All permissions letters should be included with the original submission via Editorial Manager.

If the manuscript does not contain any reproduced material, authors should upload a word document under the head ‘Permissions’ in Editorial Manager, with the following statement: “The authors hereby declare that all illustrations and figures in the manuscript are original and do not require permission to reuse”.

Peer Review Process

Peer Review Policy

The Journal operates single-anonymized peer review, meaning that the identity of the authors is known to the editors and to the reviewers, but that the reviewers’ identities are known only to the editors and are hidden from the authors.

All manuscripts submitted to the Journal will be assessed by the Editorial Board. Some manuscripts will be returned to authors at this stage if they are deemed more appropriate for another ESC Journal, if the paper does not meet submission requirements, or if they are deemed to have insufficient priority for further consideration.

Once a submitted manuscript passes initial assessment, it will then be passed to a handling editor, who will oversee peer review and recommend a final decision. The Editor-in-Chief makes the final decision on the submitted manuscript.

Editors and reviewers must not handle manuscripts if they have a conflict of interest with an author or the content. The Journal makes every effort to avoid potential conflicts of interest in the assignment of other editors and peer reviewers. For more information, please see the section on Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. During the peer review phase, your manuscript is typically sent to at least two reviewers. All peer review comments are confidential.

You may suggest potential reviewers at submission. However, there is no guarantee the suggested reviewers will be selected by the Journal. Recommended reviewers should be experts in their field and able to provide an objective assessment of your manuscript without financial or interpersonal conflicts of interest with any authors. We encourage you to consider reviewers from a diverse range of backgrounds, including those from under-represented communities. Authors also have the option to request that specific individuals are not used as reviewers of the manuscript. Please provide a brief explanation as to why you have made the request in your Cover Letter. Please note that there is no guarantee these individuals will be excluded as reviewers.

Statistical methods should be rigorous, and reporting of statistical findings should be accurate and complete. All papers provisionally accepted for publication will undergo a detailed statistical review.

If your manuscript is accepted for publication, no information about the review process or editorial decision process is published, unless one of the authors has a role on the journal. See the Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest section for more information in that case.

Fast Track Status

Available for: Clinical Research Articles, Translational Science Articles and Meta-analyses

Fast Track status is available for selected articles that, in the view of the Editors, warrant expedited peer review and publication. Reasons may include (but are not limited to):

• High relevance of the research to the current time (i.e., topicality)
• Requirement to publish on a specified date (e.g., congresses)

Authors aiming to publish their paper simultaneously with a conference should submit as early as possible, ideally at least 4 weeks prior to the event. The Journal will endeavour to process the manuscript as quickly as possible.

Fast Track status does not in any way guarantee acceptance and all manuscripts are subject to the same peer review policy as other manuscripts.

Papers that are not selected for Fast Track status can be submitted as a regular manuscript.

How to apply for Fast Track status

Authors should submit the following items in Editorial Manager, using the article type ‘Fast Track Petition’:

• A cover letter explaining why the manuscript is suitable for Fast Track status
• The text abstract as a separate file
• The manuscript as a separate file

A Fast Track petition will not be considered without all items listed above.

When Fast Track status is offered

1. The corresponding author will receive an email to confirm that Fast Track status has been granted.
2. The manuscript will be returned to the corresponding author.
3. The corresponding author will need to complete the full manuscript submission process.

For manuscripts with Fast Track status, the Editorial Office aims to return an initial decision within 7 working days.

The Journal aims to publish the final version of Fast Track articles within 10 working days post-acceptance, pending the timely receipt of the license to publish and proof corrections from the corresponding author.

Fast Track manuscripts intended for simultaneous publication with a presentation at a major international congress will be published as an accepted manuscript (in the form of a non-typeset PDF) once the corresponding author signs the license, while adhering to any embargo restrictions in place. Subsequently, the accepted manuscript will be typeset, and the final version of record will replace the accepted manuscript version online.

When Fast Track status is not offered

• The corresponding author will receive an email to confirm that Fast Track status has not been granted.
• The manuscript will be returned to the corresponding author.
• The corresponding author can submit the manuscript as a regular manuscript by changing the article type from ‘Fast Track Petition’ to an appropriate article type from the list given in the submission system.

ESC Manuscript Transfer

Authors submitting to the Journal will be given the opportunity to indicate whether their manuscript can be considered for transfer to another ESC Journal if EHJ is unable to consider the manuscript further. If a transfer decision is reached and the author agrees to the offer, the manuscript files and any reviewer reports from consenting reviewers will be sent to the receiving journal. The Editors at the receiving journal may choose to seek additional peer review. A decision will be made on the manuscript based on the feedback from all reviewers and the judgment of the receiving journal’s Editors.

More information about the ESC Manuscript Transfer Service

Authors of Cardiovascular Flashlights will be given the opportunity to indicate whether their manuscript could be considered for transfer to European Heart Journal – Case Reports if EHJ is unable to consider their manuscript further.

Papers submitted by Editors of EHJ

To ensure that manuscripts receive unbiased evaluation, it is the Journal’s policy that papers in which an Editor at EHJ is an author or contributor will be assigned to another Editor at EHJ (who is not at the same institute). This Editor will oversee the peer review and decision-making process. This policy also applies to papers where an Editor has declared any other conflict of interest.

Any manuscript in which the Editor-in-Chief is an author or contributor will be assigned to an external Guest Editor. Papers that are handled by a Guest Editor will include a statement at the bottom of the article.

The corresponding author should indicate in the cover letter if an Editor from EHJ is a co-author or contributor to the manuscript.

Individuals that have any conflicts of interest relating to the peer review and decision-making process are excluded from the process.

Appealing a Decision

If the authors have reason to believe that the review process or final decision has not been fair or well-informed, the authors may submit an appeal to the Journal. Appeals can be submitted within one month of the final decision on the manuscript. Only one appeal per manuscript will be considered. The appeal will be considered carefully by the Editor-in-Chief and the Editorial Board.

The authors should provide the appeal in a word document and attach it to an email to [email protected]. The appeal should include:

• Names of all authors submitting the appeal
• Email addresses and contact details of the authors, or the corresponding author
• Full manuscript title
• Manuscript ID from Editorial Manager
• An explanation outlining why the final decision was unfair or not merited
• Specific comments in relation to the peer review reports

Ethical Reporting

The Journal expects authors to uphold the highest standards of ethical reporting. Authors should refer to the table below for relevant guidelines and recommendations for their study type. Authors should refer to the EQUATOR Network.

Reporting Demographic Information for Study Participants

The Journal uses the following definitions, adapted from the definitions that were proposed by the United States National Institutes of Health. Sex and gender are distinct terms and are not interchangeable.

Authors should refer to the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines when preparing their manuscript for submission to the Journal.

In your manuscript:

• Article titles and abstracts should indicate what sex(es) or gender(s) the study applies to.
• The methods section should report how sex and/or gender was considered in the design of the study.
• The results section should include data stratified by sex and/or gender as appropriate.
• All data should be de-identified.
• If a sex and/or gender analysis was not conducted, the rationale should be provided.
• If space in the main body of the manuscript is limited the above information can be provided as supplementary material.

Read further guidance on reporting sex and gender information from SAGER

Reporting Race and Ethnicity for Study Participants

The Journal uses the following definitions from the Coalition for Diversity & Inclusion in Scholarly Communications (C4DISC). Remember that views of race and identity vary from place to place and change over time.

In your study:

• It is preferable for study participants to self-identify their race or ethnicity.
• Populations should be described as specifically as possible. For example, ‘Chinese American’ rather than ‘Asian American’.
• If multi-ethnic populations are studied, the classification of populations should be defined in the methods section and the results given separately in the results section.
• All data should be de-identified.
• If space in the main body of the manuscript is limited the above information can be provided as supplementary material.

Read further guidance on reporting race and ethnicity from C4DISC

Reporting Age for Study Participants

Study inclusion and exclusion according to age, and stratification by age group, should be mentioned in the methods section. Mean and median values and range should be given in the results section.

All data should be de-identified.

If space in the main body of the manuscript is limited the above information can be provided as supplementary material.

Reporting Nationality for Study Participants

The Journal uses the following definition.

Study inclusion and exclusion according to nationality should be mentioned in the methods section.

All data should be de-identified.

If space in the main body of the manuscript is limited the above information can be provided as supplementary material.

In all cases, authors are required to explain demographic variables that have been collected but which are not included in the manuscript.

Informed Patient Consent

Authors should observe high standards with respect to publication ethics as set out by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) recommendations for reporting about patients. Patients have a right to privacy that should not be infringed without prior informed consent.

Identifying information should not be published in written descriptions, photographs, or pedigrees unless the information is essential for scientific purposes and the patient (or parent or guardian) has given written informed consent for publication. Informed consent for this purpose requires that the patient be shown the manuscript to be published.

Identifying details should be omitted if they are not essential, but patient data should never be altered or falsified to attain anonymity or to deidentify the data.

The Journal requires at the point of submission that a consent form has been completed for any manuscripts in which an individual or a group of individuals can be identified. A statement addressing informed patient consent must be included as part of the manuscript under the heading “Consent”. If the patient or relatives of a deceased patient cannot be traced and consent cannot be obtained, the case or data can only be considered for publication if it is sufficiently de-identified.

Completed consent forms should not be submitted to the Journal. Completed forms should be held by the treating institution according to locally approved procedures. The consent form should be made available to the Journal if specifically requested.

The Editorial Board reserves the right to reject papers for which the ethical aspects are, in the opinion of the Editorial Board, open to doubt. Authors can contact the Editorial Office with any queries regarding consent.

Statistics

The application of adequate statistical methods is required for publication in EHJ. The Journal advises authors to be as simple as possible, but as sophisticated as needed. For example, clinical trials with their formalized framework must meet more specific statistical standards than pathophysiological studies. Authors are advised to include absolute risk as well as relative risk where possible. For studies with a sophisticated design, the collaboration of a professional statistician is recommended.

As part of the review process, the Journal may send the manuscript to a Statistical Reviewer for evaluation.

Authors should refer to the following guidance before submitting:

• ‘Statistical Analysis’ in the EHJ Quality Standards document
• A detailed summary of relevant points regarding study design, analysis and reporting

Availability of Data and Materials

Data Policy

Where ethically feasible, the Journal strongly encourages authors to make all deidentified data and software code on which the conclusions of the paper rely available to readers.

The Journal suggests that data is presented in the main manuscript or in additional supporting files, or that authors deposit the data in a public repository. Information on general repositories for all data types, and a list of recommended repositories by subject area

In support of the Journal’s policy, authors are required to include a Data Availability Statement in their article, even if no data are presented or discussed. These statements help readers to understand the availability of data underlying the research results described in the article. The statement may refer to original data generated in the course of the study or to third-party data analysed in the article. The statement should describe and provide means of access, where possible, by linking to the data or providing the required unique identifier. If no data is presented or discussed in the paper, the following (or similar) should be stated: “No new data were generated or analysed in support of this research”. Authors should provide the data availability statement as part of the Declarations Form.

More information and example statements

Authors may be asked to make available the underlying deidentified data on which their research relies to the Journal for inspection and verification during the peer review process.

Data Citation

The Journal supports the Force 11 Data Citation Principles and requires that all publicly available datasets be fully referenced in the reference list with an accession number or unique identifier such as a digital object identifier (DOI). Data citations should include the minimum information recommended by DataCite:

• [dataset] Authors, Year, Title, Publisher (repository or archive name), Identifier

Authors should include the dataset tag – [dataset] – at the beginning of the citation. This helps the Publisher correctly identify and tag the citation. The tag will be removed from the citation published in the reference list.

Preprints and self-archiving

Author’s Original Version (“Preprint”)

Authors of all article types, except ESC Guidelines, retain the right to make an Author’s Original Version (the draft before submission and peer review, also called the “preprint”) available through various channels and this does not prevent submission to the Journal. At initial submission, authors should indicate if any preprint is available in a server or repository. If accepted, the authors are required to update the status of any preprint, including adding the published paper’s DOI. For full details on allowed channels and updating your preprint, please see our Author self-archiving policy.

Authors of preprints available in medRxiv or bioRxiv can submit their preprint directly from medRxiv or bioRxiv to Cardiovascular Research. To do this, visit the Author Area of the preprint server website and select Cardiovascular Research from the list of options.

More information about submitting your preprint to EHJ

Accepted manuscript (“Post-print”)

Authors of all article types, excluding ESC Guidelines, may enter their Accepted Manuscript (post-print) in PubMed Central, other subject repositories, or institutional repositories providing that the public availability of the manuscript is delayed by 12 months after the first online publication.

Authors of papers published open access are entitled to make their article publicly available according to the terms of the licence they select.

CC BY-NC

Authors who have published under a CC BY-NC licence may share and distribute their article on non-commercial websites and repositories immediately upon publication.

CC BY

In addition to the reuses set out above, authors who have published their article under a CC BY licence may also share and distribute their article anywhere including commercial platforms immediately on publication.

More information on this policy

Article Types

The article types accepted by the Journal are listed below. The section on Manuscript Preparation includes instructions for each part of the manuscript, such as abstracts, keywords, figures and tables.

Please note: If you are submitting an invited manuscript and decide to publish open access a charge will be applied. An invitation to submit to the journal does not include a waiver of the open access charge. More information about open access charges

• Clinical Research Article
• Translational Science Article
• Meta-analysis
• Rapid Communications
• State of the Art Review
• Great Debate
• Viewpoint
• Hypothesis
• Special Article
• ESC Official Output
• Discussion Forum
• Cardiovascular Flashlight
• Editorial (invitation only)
• CardioPulse (invitation only)

Clinical Research Article

Scope

Innovative original clinical studies that significantly advance the field in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Maximum word count: 5,000 (excluding the title, abstracts, legends, and references)

Number of authors: No maximum. All authors must meet all ICMJE criteria.

Translational Science Article

Scope

Preclinical studies with relevant clinical implications.

Maximum word count: 5,000 (excluding the title, abstracts, legends, and references)

Number of authors: No maximum. All authors must meet all ICMJE criteria.

Meta-analysis

Scope

Innovative meta-analyses, particularly in controversial topics, that significantly advance the field in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. A systematic review can be included in the discussion.

Maximum word count: 5,000 (excluding the title, abstracts, legends, and references)

Number of authors: No maximum. All authors must meet all ICMJE criteria.

Rapid Communications

Scope

Concise reporting of focused clinical and translational data, with emphasis on methods and results and with minimal introduction and discussion. Expedited review followed by rapid online publication.

Maximum word count: 1,000 (excluding the title, abstracts, legends, and references)

Number of authors: No maximum. All authors must meet all ICMJE criteria.

State of the Art Review

Scope

Scholarly, comprehensive, clinical and translational reviews addressing a topic of high relevance to the cardiovascular community, aiming to summarize and critically evaluate research in the field. State of the Art Reviews must create a novel synthesis of the evidence and represent the definitive reference work on the topic. State of the Art Reviews are typically by invitation only, but unsolicited contribution will be considered.

Maximum word count: 5,000 (excluding the title, abstracts, legends, and references)

Number of authors: Typically no more than 5 authors. All authors must meet all ICMJE criteria.

Great Debate

Scope

Reproducing the format utilized in the ESC Congress. One statement is proposed on a timely and controversial topic. Authors write in favour (pro) or against (contra) the statement. The paper will include an introduction from a member of the Editorial Board. Great Debates are by invitation only, but the Editors will consider proposals for this article type. 

Maximum word count: 5,000 (excluding the title, abstracts, legends, and references) 

Number of authors: Typically not more than 5 authors for “Pro” and “5” authors for “Contra”. All authors must meet all ICMJE criteria.

Viewpoint

Scope

Short opinion papers authored by leading experts, addressing a wide range of topics. Typically, Viewpoints will challenge existing consensus or discuss a controversial issue to stimulate discussion. 

Maximum word count: 1,500 (excluding the title, abstracts, legends, and references) 

Number of authors: No more than 3 authors. All authors must meet all ICMJE criteria.

Hypothesis

Scope

Articles proposing a novel or unconventional hypothesis that differs from current thinking in the field and is strongly supported by existing literature. The goal of these papers is to challenge the current way of considering the available evidence. The following five steps are suggested: 1) a description of the prevailing paradigm; 2) an explanation as to why the current way of thinking is deficient; 3) the presentation of a novel way of synthesizing the existing body of evidence.; 4) a summary of existing data that supports the new hypothesis; 5) a proposal of ways in which the new hypothesis can be tested.

Maximum word count: 1,500 (excluding the title, abstracts, legends, and references)

Number of authors: No more than 3 authors. All authors must meet all ICMJE criteria.

Special Article

Scope

Position and consensus documents proposed by working groups, associations, and task forces. Papers outside the scope of the other article types listed in this table can be submitted as Special Articles.

Maximum word count: Agreed on a case-by-case basis

Number of authors: Agreed on a case-by-case basis. All authors must meet all ICMJE criteria.

ESC Official Output

The Journal publishes official output from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), its Associations, Working Groups and Councils. Authors of ESC official output are required to follow the ESC Scientific Documents Group process.

Discussion Forum

Scope

In-depth letters on Original Research Articles published online in the Journal in the last 6 months. Contributions must be constructive, professional, and polite. No original data should be presented. Authors of the discussed paper will be invited to reply to the Discussion Forum if it is considered for publication.

Maximum word count: 500 (excluding the title, abstracts, legends, and references)

Number of authors: No more than 3 authors. All authors must meet all ICMJE criteria.

Cardiovascular Flashlight

Scope

Compelling, illustrative or noteworthy clinical images such as electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, tomography images, X-rays, or pathology specimens.

Maximum word count: 250 (excluding the title, abstracts, legends, and references)

Number of authors: No more than 3 authors. All authors must meet all ICMJE criteria.

Editorial (invitation only)

Scope

Compelling, illustrative or noteworthy clinical images such as electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, tomography images, X-rays, or pathology specimens.

Maximum word count: 1,500 (excluding the title, abstracts, legends, and references)

Number of authors: No more than 3 authors. All authors must meet all ICMJE criteria.

CardioPulse (invitation only)

Scope

CardioPulse is the news and updates section of the Journal. Contributions are by invitation only, however suggestions for articles are welcome. Please send suggestions to [email protected].  

Maximum word count: 1,000 (excluding the title, abstracts, legends, and references)

Number of authors: No more than 3 authors. All authors must meet all ICMJE criteria.

Submission

General Principles

The Journal will consider submissions within its scope providing

• it is the original work of the authors and does not duplicate any previously published work, including the work of the authors;
• it is not under consideration, in peer review, or accepted for publication in any journal other than EHJ;
• it has not been published in any other journal; and
• it contains nothing abusive, defamatory, libellous, obscene, fraudulent, or illegal.

Authors should observe high ethical standards and obey publication best practices. The following are all unacceptable:

• data falsification or fabrication
• plagiarism, including duplicate publication of the author’s own work without proper citation
• redundant publication
• misappropriation of work

The Journal expects all authors to have read and understood the Journal’s Editorial Policies and requirements for Ethical Reporting prior to submission.

How to Submit

Authors should submit their manuscript in Editorial Manager. If the corresponding author has not previously submitted to the Journal, they will need to register for an account. More information.

At initial submission authors are required to:

• Answer all questions in the online submission form
• Provide a completed Declarations Form
• Submit all parts of the manuscript, including the abstract, figures, figure legends, and supplementary files

Questions about the submission process can be sent to the Editorial Office at [email protected].

Format Free Submission

If preferred, authors may submit their manuscript without journal-specific formatting at initial submission.

Authors are still required to:

• Answer all questions in the online submission form
• Provide a completed Declarations Form
• Submit all parts of the manuscript, including the abstract, figures, figure legends, and supplementary files. Figures may be embedded in the manuscript file or uploaded separately
• Include page numbers in the manuscript file

If requested to submit a revised version of the manuscript, authors should refer to Manuscript Preparation for formatting instructions and to Submitting Revised Manuscripts.

Submitting your medRxiv or bioRxiv preprint to EHJ

Authors can save time in the submission process by submitting their medRxiv or bioRxiv preprint directly from the server to EHJ. To do this, visit the Author Area in medRxiv or bioRxiv and select EHJ from the list of options.

This process will transfer all manuscript files and author information to EHJ. You will then receive an email with a link to your submission in EHJ, where you will need to answer some additional questions and approve the manuscript for submission.

Authors submitting their preprint to EHJ should refer to the Journal’s Preprint Policy. In particular, authors should note the following:

• The preprint that you submit to EHJ must be the Author’s Original Version before any peer review.
• You cannot submit your preprint to more than one journal.
• If your paper is accepted for publication in EHJ, authors are responsible for updating the preprint with a DOI and the link to the published version of the article.

Submitting Revised Manuscripts

After peer review the submitting author may receive an email asking them to submit a revised version of their manuscript.

When submitting a revised manuscript, the submitting author should upload the following items to Editorial Manager:

1. A document containing responses to each of the points raised by the Editors and Reviewers. The document should clearly indicate what changes have been made to the manuscript. The document should be uploaded to the submission system with the document title “Letter Revised Manuscript” under the respective header.
2. A revised final version of the manuscript, with all changes highlighted in yellow. The use of “track changes” is not recommended.

Authors may also be asked to provide other items or information. This will be specified in the email to the submitting author.

Manuscript Preparation

Pre-submission Language Editing

Authors may choose to use a language-editing service before submitting to the Journal. A list of services is available on OUP’s Language services page. Language editing is optional and does not guarantee that the submission will be accepted. Edited manuscripts will still undergo peer review by the Journal according to the Journal’s peer review policy.

Oxford University Press partners with Enago, a leading provider of author services. Prospective authors of EHJ are entitled to a discount of 30% for editing services at Enago, via the Specialist English Editing Services for Oxford University Press Authors page.

Style

Oxford English spelling should be used throughout, except in quotations and in references.

Abbreviations

SI units of measurements should be used. Authors should define nonstandard abbreviations when they first appear in the manuscript.

General Formatting

Authors should follow the general guidance below:

• Prepare the manuscript using a Word processing package (save in .doc format)
• Use double-spaced throughout the manuscript
• Number each page consecutively
• Include line numbers on all pages. Line numbers should restart on each page.
• Avoid using footnotes; use parentheses within brackets
• Type references in the correct order and style of the Journal (see References below)
• Type unjustified
• Do not use hyphenation except for compound words or terms
• Use the TAB key once to indent paragraphs
• Clearly identify uncommon symbols and any Greek letters.
• Use formatting in Word to indicate bold, italic, Greek, mathematics, superscript, and subscript characters
• Indicate the approximate position of each figure and table
• Write out numbers one to ten in full (e.g., ‘one’ not ‘1’) unless they are used as a unit of measurement or describe a figure, table, or video (e.g., Figure 1)

Structure

Clinical Research Articles and Translational Science Articles should be structured as follows:

1. Title page
2. Text abstract and keywords
3. Structured graphical abstract or graphical abstract (see below)
4. Translational perspective (for Translational Science Articles only)
5. Introduction
6. Methods
7. Results
8. Discussion
9. Acknowledgements
10. Funding
11. Disclosure of interest
12. Data availability statement
13. References
14. Figure legends
15. Appendices

The following should be uploaded as separate files to Editorial Manager:

1. Figures
2. Tables
3. Supplementary files

There is no requirement to structure other article types according to a journal style, but the above should be used as a guide.

Title Page

The Title Page should include:

• The full title of the paper
• All author names and affiliations
• The institution where the work was performed
• The mailing address and email address of one corresponding author

An effective title describes the content and main messages of the manuscript clearly and succinctly. In general, article titles should:

1. be as short as possible
2. include the most important keywords at the beginning
3. avoid abbreviations or acronyms, unless the title will be very long without them

Abstracts

Authors are required to provide a Text Abstract for most article types. Some article types also require a Structured Graphical Abstract or a Graphical Abstract. What abstract is required for my article type?

Text Abstract with headings:

Required for: Clinical Research Article, Translational Science Article, Meta-analysis

Text Abstracts should not exceed 250 words and should not contain references. They should be submitted as a separate file in Editorial Manager at initial submission.

The Text Abstract should be structured using the following headings:

• Background and Aims
• Methods
• Results
• Conclusions

Text Abstract without headings:

Required for: State of the Art Review, Hypothesis, Great Debate, Special Article

Text Abstracts should not exceed 250 words and should not contain references or abbreviations. They should be submitted as a separate file in Editorial Manager at initial submission.

Structured Graphical Abstract:

Required for: Clinical Research Article, Translational Science Article, Meta-analysis

The Structured Graphical Abstract includes two parts: (1) text under three headings and (2) the graphic. Authors should submit the text element and the figure for the graphic element as separate files in Editorial Manager. If accepted for publication, the two elements will be professionally redrawn into a single Structured Graphical Abstract. The illustrators will work with the authors to discuss and develop the Structured Graphical Abstract before the manuscript is sent to the Publisher.

(1) Text element:

Authors should provide up to 40 words for each of the following headings:

• Key Question
• Key Finding
• Take-home Message

The text for the headings listed above should be supplied in a single editable file (e.g., .doc). The file should be uploaded to Editorial Manager with a clear document title (e.g., ‘structured graphical abstract text’).

(2) Graphic element:

The graphic should provide a visual summary of the aims, methods, and findings of the paper.

• Size: 11.0 cm x 18.0 cm (height x width)
• Orientation: landscape
• Minimum resolution: 300 ppi (the ppi of an image can usually be found by right-clicking on an image file and selecting ‘Properties’)
• Font: use a sans serif font. Gill Sans is preferred but Myriad Pro, Arial, or Helvetica are acceptable.
• Font size: 10-12 points, and no smaller than 8 points
• File type: graphs should be provided as a vector file (e.g., .pdf, .ai, or .svg). Photographs to be included in the redrawn Structured Graphical Abstract should be provided as high resolution (300 ppi) bitmaps in .tiff format. All other image types should be provided in .tiff files where possible.
• A figure legend is not permitted
• If the quality is not sufficient the Editorial Office may contact the authors to ask for a replacement graphic

Authors must obtain permission for any material being reproduced in the abstract, including images or tables, for which they are not the copyright holder. Permissions should be sought from the original copyright holder. More information about re-using copyrighted material

Guidance on how to create a clear and engaging graphical abstract

A guide to graphical abstracts (infographic)

Graphical Abstract:

Required for: State of the Art Review, Editorial, Hypothesis, Viewpoint, Special Article

The Graphical Abstract should provide a visual summary of the main messages (take-home messages) of the paper.

• Size: 11.00 cm x 18.0 cm (height x width)
• Orientation: landscape
• Minimum resolution: 300 ppi (the ppi of an image can usually be found by right-clicking on an image file and selecting ‘Properties’)
• Font: use a sans serif font. Gill Sans is preferred but Myriad Pro, Arial, or Helvetica are acceptable.
• Font size: text should be 10-12 points, and no smaller than 8 points
• A figure legend is not permitted
• If the quality is not sufficient the Editorial Office may contact the authors to ask for a replacement graphic

Authors must obtain permission for any material being reproduced in the abstract, including images or tables, for which they are not the copyright holder. Permissions should be sought from the original copyright holder. More information about re-using copyrighted material

Guidance on how to create a clear and engaging graphical abstract

A guide to graphical abstracts (infographic)

Audio Abstract:

Recommended for: Clinical Research Article, Translational Science Article, Meta-analysis, State of the Art Review, Hypothesis, Viewpoint

The Audio Abstract should provide an audio summary of the main messages (take-home messages) of the paper.

Authors should provide text for the Audio Abstract in a separate file, which should be uploaded under the ‘Audio Abstract’ header in Editorial Manager. If approved by the Editors, a professional speaker will record audio abstract for the paper using the text provided.

Translational Perspective:

Required for: Translational Science Article

The Translational Perspective should be a summary of relevant translational aspects for clinical applications. It should not exceed 100 words and should not contain any references or abbreviations.

Summary:

Authors should give an outline of the paper in a Summary, that will help the editorial team to evaluate and process the paper. Unlike abstracts, summaries are intended for internal use only and are not published alongside accepted articles.

Keywords

Authors should provide up to six keywords with the manuscript.

Tables

Formatting guidelines:

• It is preferable to provide tables in portrait layout with no more than 9 columns
• Centre each column around its header
• Avoid using colour and shading, as these are not used when published.
• All tables should be numbered (e.g., Table 1) and referenced in the text.
• Tables should not be split into parts (e.g., Table 1a, 1b etc.).

Submission guidelines:

• Each table should be uploaded as a separate file in Editorial Manager.
• Tables should be in an editable format and should not be embedded as an image file.

Please note that additional tables may be submitted as supplementary online-only material if permitted for the article type.

Figures

Figures should be limited to the number necessary for clarity and must not duplicate data from the tables or the text. Typically, submissions should have no more than eight figures and tables in total. Additional figures may be submitted as supplementary online-only material if permitted for the article type.

Figures should not be submitted if the copyright of the figure is unclear (e.g., images downloaded from the internet). Permission must be sought and granted for all figures being reproduced in the Journal.

Full attribution must be given for figures that have been generated by a third party or adapted or reproduced from a third party. Attribution must be given in the figure legend and in accordance with the licence of the original work.

Find out more about permissions for the re-use of third-party material

General guidance for all figure types:

• Each figure should be provided as an individual image file.
• Each figure should be numbered consecutively (e.g., Figure 1, Figure 2) and referenced in the text.
• Text in figures should use a sans serif font. Gill Sans is preferred but Myriad Pro, Arial, or Helvetica are acceptable.
• Note that the use of red and green in figures may cause difficulty for individuals with colour-blindness.
• Legends for figures should be included in a separate section of the manuscript grouped under the heading ‘Legends’, after the ‘References’ section. Define all symbols and abbreviations used in the figure. Common abbreviations and other in the preceding text should be not redefined in the legend.
• EHJ does not charge for colour figures of any type.
• Guidance on file type, resolution, and quality for each type of figure is given below.

General guidance for all figure legends:

• Legends for figures should be included in a separate section at the end of the manuscript on a new page grouped under the heading ‘Figure Legends’.
• For each figure containing a graph, the legend should include the number of animals/cells/observations and the statistical test applied.
• It is preferable that authors provide the exact P-value in the figure legend (e.g., P = 0.003).
• Define all symbols and abbreviations used in the figure. Common abbreviations and other in the preceding text should be not redefined in the legend.

Photographs and Images:

Photographs and images should be provided as raster images. Common examples of raster images are .tif/.tiff or .raw file types. The resolution of raster files is measured by the number of dots or pixels in a given area, referred to as “dpi” or “ppi”. This information is given in the image properties, which can usually be found by right-clicking on an image file and selecting ‘Properties’. Dpi and pixel width are included in the ‘Details’ tab.

• Minimum resolution: 350 dpi
• Recommended resolution: 600 dpi
• It is not possible to improve the quality of an image during the production process. Before submitting a photograph or image check that details are clear, that contrast is good, and that there is low noise.

Line art:

Line art images should be provided as raster images. Common examples of raster images are .tif/.tiff or .raw file types. The resolution of raster files is measured by the number of dots or pixels in a given area, referred to as “dpi” or “ppi”. This information is given in the image properties, which can usually be found by right-clicking on an image file and selecting ‘Properties’. Dpi and pixel width are included in the ‘Details’ tab.

• Minimum resolution: 600 dpi
• Recommended resolution: 1200 dpi
• Colour: use CMYK or RGB format.
• Size: submit the line art in the size intended for publication in print
• Font: use a sans serif font. Gill Sans is preferred but Myriad Pro, Arial, or Helvetica are acceptable.
• Font size: no smaller than 2mm in height.
• If stippling is used, use clear black dots with visible white space between them. Faint and grey stippling will be lost during production and should be avoided.
• Ensure that it is easy to differentiate between different levels or types of shading.

Charts, graphs and diagrams:

Charts, graphs, and diagrams are best rendered digitally as geometric forms called vector graphics. Common file types are .eps, .svg, .ai, and .pdf. Vector images use mathematical relationships between points and the lines connecting them to describe an image. These file types do not use pixels, which means that resolution does not apply to vector images.

• It is preferable to use colour in charts, graphs, and diagrams rather than black and white or grayscale. Avoid pale colours and colour combinations that may be difficult for colour-blind readers.
• Ensure that it is easy to differentiate between different levels or types of shading.
• Colour should be submitted in CMYK or RGB format.
• Ensure that the axes are easy to read (i.e., clear tick marks and axes labels).
• Elements within diagrams should be clearly labelled and formatted consistently.

Multipanel figures:

Submit all panels of a multipanel figure as a single file in Editorial Manager.

Preparation guidance:

• Each panel should be labelled with a letter (e.g., A, B, C) in the upper-left corner.
• Multipanel figures should contain no more than 6 panels.
• Each panel of the multipanel figure should follow the guidance relevant to the figure type, given above. For example, a graph should refer to the guidance above for charts, graphs and diagrams.
• Dedicated software should be used to combine the panels into a single figure, such as Photoshop, GIMP, Illustrator, or InkScape. We do not recommend using PowerPoint.

Figure accessibility and alt text

Incorporating alt text (alternative text) when submitting your paper helps to foster inclusivity and accessibility. Good alt text ensures that individuals with visual impairments or those using screen readers can comprehend the content and context of your figures. The aim of alt text is to provide concise and informative descriptions of your figure so that all readers have access to the same level of information and understanding, and that all can engage with and benefit from the visual elements integral to scholarly content. Including alt text demonstrates a commitment to accessibility and enhances the overall impact and reach of your work.  

Alt text is applicable to all images, figures, illustrations, and photographs. 

Alt text is only accessible via e-reader and so it won’t appear as part of the typeset article. 

Detailed guidance on how to draft and submit alt text. 

Videos

Formatting guidelines:

• Format: .mp4 or .avi format only
• Videos should be numbered consecutively (e.g., Video 1, Video 2) and referenced in the text.
• Authors should provide a still image for each video, which will be used in the PDF version of the article. The video still should be provided in .eps, .svg, .ai, or .pdf format. Each video still should be clearly numbered (e.g., Video 1 still image, Video 2 still image).
• Please note that the Journal cannot use videos hosted on third-party sites such as YouTube, as the link may expire.

Submission guidelines:

• Upload each video and video still image as a separate file under the header “Video” in Editorial Manager.
• Legends for videos should be included in a separate section under the heading ‘Legends’, after the ‘References’ section of the manuscript. Define all symbols and abbreviation used in the video. Common abbreviations and other in the preceding text should be not redefined in the legend.
• Videos should not be submitted if the copyright of the video is unclear (e.g., a video downloaded from the internet). Permission must be sought and granted for all videos being reproduced in the Journal, and correct attribution must be given in accordance with the licence of the original work.
• Additional videos may be submitted as supplementary online-only material if permitted for the article type.

Acknowledgements

Substantive contributions of individuals should be noted in an “Acknowledgements” section, above the “Conflict of Interest” section. This section can include individuals who do not meet the ICMJE criteria for authorship, but nevertheless were contributors to the paper. See the Authorship and Contributors sections above.

Funding

Details of all funding sources for the work should be given in a separate section entitled “Funding”. This should appear before the “Acknowledgements” section in the manuscript.

The following rules should be followed:

• Funding agency names should be given in full without abbreviations: e.g., National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health
• Grant numbers should be complete and accurate and provided in brackets: e.g., (grant number ABX CDXXXXXX)
• Multiple grant numbers should be separated by a comma: e.g. (grant numbers ABX CDXXXXXX, EFXXXXXX)
• Agencies should be separated by a semi-colon (plus ‘and’ before the last funding agency)
• Where individuals must be specified for certain sources of funding, the following text should be added after the relevant agency or grant number 'to [author initials]'.

Funding statement examples:

• Wellcome Trust (grant numbers AA-10101, BB949/2-3) to M.H. and P.P.F. Funding for open access charge: Wellcome Trust (grant number CB5453961-7).
• National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health (grant number L-130-A); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute at the National Institutes of Health (grant number A-158912/1); and National Institute of Nursing Research at the National Institutes of Health (grant numbers W-1120, G-819-1).

NIH-funded articles:

OUP will deposit all NIH-funded articles in PubMed Central. Authors must ensure that manuscripts are clearly indicated as NIH-funded using the guidelines above.

Crossref Funding Data Registry:

To meet funding requirements, authors are required to name their funding sources, or state if there are none, during the submission process. For further information on this process or to find out more about CHORUS, visit the CHORUS initiative.

Group Authorship

When submitting a manuscript with a group author name:

• The group author name should be given next to the authors, underneath the article title. For example:

Cardiology in Europe

Lucie Tomková, Nimaat Shahid, Christian Onslow, …, Cardiology Task Force 2021

• The group author name should not have a footnote or endnote, or any additional information in brackets after the name.
• Individuals in the group should be listed in a separate section at the end of manuscript called “Author Information”, above the “References” section.
• The group author name should be given exactly as it appears in the list of authors underneath the article title, followed by a colon and the list of names, each separated by a comma. For example:

Author Information Cardiology Task Force 2021: Avelaine Brousseau, Naomi Castiglione, …

• Affiliations or countries for the individuals in the group can be given in brackets, but superscript references must not be used. For example:

Cardiology Task Force 2021: Avelaine Brousseau (France), Naomi Castiglione (Italy), …

References

References should be identified in the text by Arabic numerals and numbered in the order cited. All references should be compiled at the end of the article in Vancouver style (i.e., author-number system). Complete information should be given for each reference, including the title of the article, abbreviated journal title, and page numbers. If there are more than six authors, the first six authors should be listed followed by ‘et al.’.

Personal communications, manuscripts in preparation, and other unpublished data should not be cited in the reference list but may be mentioned in parentheses in the text. Authors should obtain permission from the source to cite unpublished data. Titles of journals should be abbreviated in accordance with MEDLINE. If a journal is not listed in MEDLINE, the journal name should be written out in full.

Article citation examples:

• Peters S, Reinders B. Cardiovascular Diseases. Journal Abbrev 2022;1:100–116. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/journal/abc123
• Barbosa SA, Kulikova B, Lund R, Kowalska G, Burtole J, Ivanković SL, et al. Cardiovascular Diseases. J Abbrev 2022;10:15–20. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/journal/def456

Book citation example:

• Nicholaus S, Ralla DE Jr. Cardiovascular Diseases. 4th ed. London: Publisher; 2021. p120-206.

Chapter citation example:

• Ryan D, Witteland AWR. Heart Failure. In: Nicholas S, Raffa DE. Cardiovascular Diseases. 4th ed. London: Publisher; 2021. p157–158.

Conference proceedings example:

• Brooks AD. Cardiology. In: Abstracts of the Annual Conference, Paris, France, 2022. Abstract A-2239, p671. International Society, Paris, France.

Webpage citation example:

• Cardiology Society. Cardiovascular Diseases: Summary. Available from: http://www. website.org (accessed 1 Jan 2022).

Preprint article citation example:

• Olsen T, Hughes C, Holmberg LB. Cardiovascular Diseases. Biorxiv [Preprint] 2022. Available from doi.org/10.0000/123456.

The Journal’s style is available in EndNote.

Supplementary Material

For some article types, supporting material that is not essential for inclusion in the main text of the manuscript, but which would benefit the reader, can be made available online-only as supplementary material. Such information might include more detailed methods, extended data sets or data analysis, additional tables, figures, or videos.

Identifying information should not be published in written descriptions, photographs, or pedigrees unless the information is essential for scientific purposes and the patient (or parent or guardian) has given written informed consent for publication. More information about informed patient consent and the use of patient data

Authors must submit all supplementary material at the same time as the manuscript to be peer reviewed. The following guidance should be followed:

• All supplementary material must be clearly labelled (e.g., Supplementary Figure 1, Supplementary Video 1 etc.)
• Supplementary material must be cited in the text of the main manuscript
• Style and formatting of supplementary material should be consistent with that of the manuscript and should be formatted to function on any internet browser. However, supplementary material will be not be copyedited or typeset and will be published online in the format provided during submission.
• The material should be uploaded in a non-editable format where possible
• It is not necessary to include the study protocol, but this could be referenced in the text if it is available online

Embargoes and Press Releases

Publication Embargoes

The Journal will coordinate embargoes if this is required by the authors. Authors should email the Editorial Office ([email protected]) as soon as possible if an embargo is required, stating the exact date and time that the paper can be published. Authors should include a note in the cover letter at submission and when returning proofs.

Press Releases

If a press release will be prepared and issued by the institution or funder of one or more of the authors, the authors should reach out to the EHJ Editorial Office ([email protected]) as soon as possible and before a final decision is made on the article.

If the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) or OUP on behalf of the Journal opt to take forward a press release, the authors will be contacted by [email protected].

Publication Agreements and Open Access

EHJ offers authors the option of publishing under a standard licence or an open access licence. Some funders require open access publication as a condition of funding. Authors should clarify any requirements with their funder or institution as soon as possible.

In signing a standard licence to publish the corresponding author (on behalf of all authors) grants an exclusive licence to the European Society of Cardiology to publish their paper in EHJ. There is no charge to publish under a standard licence.

If publishing open access, authors will need to pay an open access charge. Please note that if you have been invited to submit to the Journal, and you select an open access licence, you will still be required to pay. Details of open access licences and charges.

OUP has a growing number of Read and Publish agreements with institutions and consortia which provide funding for open access publishing. This means that authors from participating institutions can publish open access, and the institution will pay the charge. Find out if your institution is participating and whether your paper is eligible.

To be eligible for one of OUP’s Read and Publish agreements, the corresponding author must provide their qualifying institution as their primary affiliation when they submit their manuscript. After submission, changing the corresponding author in order to access Read and Publish funding is not permissible.

Publication process

Page proofs will be submitted to the corresponding author electronically. These should be checked thoroughly for any changes or typographic errors.

It is the Publisher’s intent to review and correct the proofs and publish the accepted work as soon as possible. To achieve this, all corrections must be returned to the Publisher within 3 days. Corrections must be returned to the Publisher within 1 day for Fast Tracks.

Post-publication changes

Corrections

The Publisher will only make changes to published papers if the publication record is seriously affected by the academic accuracy of the published information.

Changes to published papers are accompanied by a formal correction notice. This applies to papers on Advance Access and those published within an issue. This means that any change carried out to a paper already published online will have a corresponding correction published with its own DOI. The notice will be published online at the earliest opportunity (on the Journal’s Advance Articles page if possible, otherwise in the earliest available issue), and will link to the paper being corrected. A link will also appear on the paper being corrected, notifying readers that a correction has been published.

Changes cannot be made to papers that have been published online for more than 12 months. In such instances a correction will be published explaining the error, but the paper will not be updated. The correction will be published online with links to the original paper as described above.

To submit a correction the corresponding author should email [email protected].

OUP’s full corrections policy

Retractions

The Journal subscribes to the COPE Retraction Guidelines, which outlines appropriate use cases for retractions. The Journal also has the option of consulting the ESC Journal Publications Ethics Committee.

Contact the Journal

For any questions or feedback please contact [email protected].